Hello, everyone, and welcome back to my channel, Sparkle
English, where I teach you how to improve your level of
English. This is the third part of my series on the eight
parts of speech. In today's video, we are going to talk
about nouns. And at the end of the video, we will have a
quiz. So there are eight parts of speech in English. You have
nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. But in
today's video, we're going to discuss nouns. So, what are
nouns? Well, nouns represent people, places, things and
ideas. There are many different types of nouns that
we will discuss in this lesson. So for example, she is
a nice woman. Woman is the noun. A woman is a person. My
husband is from Sweden. In this sentence, we have two
nouns: husband, which is in the category of people, and
Sweden, which is a place. The dog loves its bone. In this
sentence, we also have two nouns: dog and bone. Bone is a
thing, and a dog is an animal, which is also a noun. I hope
she rests in peace. Peace is an idea. It's a concept, and
that's also a noun. So let's talk about the different types
of nouns. First, I'm going to review all the different types
of nouns, and then we'll talk about them in more detail. So
first, we have proper nouns. For example, Jennifer, Miguel,
London, Paris, October, Christmas. We also have common
nouns: dog, table, love, teacher, music. Common nouns
are more generic, and proper nouns are more specific. We
also have singular nouns. Again, you can see that a noun
can be more than one type. Dog is also a singular noun. And
it's a common noun: table, teacher, friend, church. And
then we have plural nouns, which is more than one thing.
Dogs, tables, teachers, friends, churches. We have
compound nouns, which is when we combine two words to make a
noun: toothpaste, firefighter, sweatshirt, haircut, seafood.
We also have countable nouns, which are nouns that we can
count: a bag, apple, dollar, cat, cup, box. We also have
uncountable nouns, which are nouns we cannot count: rice,
money, water, air, love. We have concrete nouns. Concrete
nouns are things that we can experience with our senses:
salt, cookies, blanket, clock. And we have abstract nouns
which are ideas, things we can't experience with our
senses: freedom, love, happiness, time. We have
possessive nouns: Jake's, Tom's, boy's, parents. And
finally we have collective nouns: family, crowd, crew,
team, bunch. Okay, so now let's review them in more
detail. First, we're going to compare common nouns and
proper nouns. So common nouns refer to generic things,
whereas proper nouns refer to specific things. We always
capitalize proper nouns. For example, a common noun, we
have man, but a proper noun is the name of the man: Harold.
It's always capitalized. Country is a common noun, but
the name of a country, Portugal, is capitalized. It's
a proper noun. City is a common noun. But the name of
the city, Lisbon, is a proper noun. Doctor: Dr. Smith is
capitalized the name of the doctor. I have a more in-depth
video on common nouns versus proper nouns, which I will
link you to in the description below this video. Let's look
at some sentence examples. My doctor is very kind. Is Dr.
Smith kind? You can see when we are referring to the name
of the doctor, it's capitalized. Are you moving to
a different city? Are you moving to Lisbon? Okay, now
let's review singular nouns versus plural nouns. So
singular nouns refer to exactly one person, place or
thing. Plural nouns refer to more than one of something.
We often just add an S to make a noun plural. Sometimes we
add an -es, and sometimes it's irregular. For example, dog
becomes dogs. Baby becomes babies. Child becomes
children. Box becomes boxes. For example, we have a little
dog. Can you help me move this box? My cousin has three dogs.
We need to fill 20 boxes. Okay, now let's review
countable nouns versus uncountable nouns. So
countable nouns can be counted. Uncountable nouns
cannot be counted. For example, a countable noun is
glass. This is a glass. An uncountable noun is water. A
countable noun is cup. Uncountable is flour. We don't
say I need one flour to make a cake. We would say I need a
cup or two cups of flour. You can't count flour. A countable
noun is bowl, uncountable, rice, countable noun, spoon,
uncountable, salt. For example, can I have a glass of
water or two glasses of water? We need two cups of flour. The
next one is concrete nouns versus abstract nouns. So
concrete nouns can be seen, felt, heard, smelled or
tasted. They are nouns that we can experience with our five
senses. Whereas abstract nouns cannot be seen, felt, heard,
smelled, or tasted. They are like concepts that we cannot
actually physically see or touch. For example, a concrete
noun is grandparents. You can see your grandparents, hear
your grandparents. They exist in a physical form: clouds,
cupcake blanket. Whereas abstract nouns are ideas or
concepts: happiness, peace, freedom, love. For example, I
love my grandparents. Do you see those dark clouds? She
just wants peace and happiness. I really value my
freedom. Next we have possessive nouns. A possessive
noun is a noun that owns something. For example, these
are possessive nouns: mom's, dogs, friend's, parents,
girls. So some of these nouns are plural possessive nouns,
and some are singular possessive nouns. I have a
very in-depth, detailed video on when to use apostrophe s,
and when to use s apostrophe, which I will link you to in
the description below this video. But the first three,
mom's, dog's and friend's are singular possessive nouns.
There's one mom, one dog, one friend, but here with parents
and apostrophe and girls and apostrophe, they are plural
possessive nouns. This means that if I said my parents'
dog, there's one dog that belongs to both parents, or
the girls' bedroom. There's one bedroom that is shared by
two girls. For example, Mom's spaghetti tastes delicious.
The spaghetti belongs to the mom. In this case, it's the
spaghetti that she made. It's her spaghetti. My dog's bone
is missing. The bone belongs to the dog. The girls' cat is
very cute. Because we have the apostrophe after the s. That
means that the cat belongs to both girls. My parents'
bedroom is upstairs. Okay, now we have compound nouns. A
compound noun is a noun that is created using two or more
words. Compound nouns may appear as a single word,
multiple words or hyphenated. For example, seafood. Sea is
one word. Food is another word, but combined creates its
own word: toothpaste, ice cream, living room,
brother-in-law. So you can see some appear as a single word,
some as multiple words. And this one is hyphenated. Can we
have some ice cream after dinner? Dad's hanging out in
the living room. My brother-in-law is a bank
manager. And finally, we have collective nouns. A collective
noun is a group of things. It usually functions like a
singular noun, even though it refers to a group of people or
things. For example, family, group, team, pack bouquet.
And if we compare these sentences... Her family is
from India. Both families are coming to the party tonight.
You can see that we don't say her family are even though
family is a group of people, we say family is and if we're
talking about more than one family, we would say families.
He bought me a bouquet of flowers. Do you have a pack of
gum? Okay, so now we're going to have a quiz. I want you to
identify the nouns in these sentences. Number one, let's
grab some snacks at the supermarket. Number two, have
you ever considered moving to Europe? Number three, I have a
meeting in 20 minutes. Number four. What time is it? I think
the movie starts soon. Number five. My best friend just had
a baby. Her name is Tamara. Okay, so where are the nouns
in the first sentence? We have two nouns. Let's grab some
snacks at the supermarket. Number two, have you ever
considered moving to Europe? You only have one noun in the
sentence: Europe. Number three, I have a meeting in 20
minutes. Here we have two nouns: meeting and minutes.
Number four. What time is it? I think the movie starts soon.
Here we have two nouns: time and movie. And finally number
five. My best friend just had a baby. Her name is Emily. In
these sentences, we have four nouns friend, baby, name and
Emily. So let me know in the comments section how many you
got correct out of five and which nouns you find to be the
easiest and which are the most difficult. Thank you guys for
watching. Make sure to subscribe to my channel for
more lessons like this. And I will see you in my next video.