Ahlan wa sahlan! This is our second video on the derived forms of verbs and
'maSdars.' As we mentioned in the last video, tradition dictates that we
number the derived forms using Roman numerals. We talked about II through
V last time, and here we see VI through X. And the underlying principle
is exactly the same, right? We have to identify that جذر, that tri-consonantal
root, and then we can slip it into 'maSdar' form, right. So here we have a couple of
examples of actual words and again 'faa-'ayn-laam' in all these examples are just
placeholders, at the moment, for the meaningful judhrs that we're going to
work with. So here we have some conjugated present tense verbs: يتبادل,
'to exchange back and forth,' so if we want to turn that into a مصدر, we need to
identify our جذر, right we see that the 'yaa' and the 'taa' are not our important
three-letter root letters, so we can eliminate those, and the 'alif' as well is
just part of the وزن, part of the form so we identify baa, daal, laam, as our
جذر, and now we want to talk about exchanging,' the idea, and pop it into that'
مصدر .form like so
all right the red is our exoskeleton, and the black represents our actual جذر.
Then notice that we have a 'Damma,' here for form VI, right? Form
VII, we have a verb ينقطع, 'to be cut off.' Sometimes people wonder
why we have these derived forms, and they do express certain shades of meaning
having to do with though the root. Form VII is always always reflexive, or
passive, right, ينقطع, that means 'to be cut off,' we would use a different form to
talk about 'cutting something off.' So if we want to turn it into our مصدر, we
would identify that root, right, what are we going to swap out with the 'faa-'ayn-laam,'
what's the meaningful جذر, and in this case it's 'qaaf, Taa, 'ayn,' so we wind
up with
الانقطاع
A mnemonic some people use is that form VII has the 'nuun.' A 'seveN' with the 'nuun letter 'n,' we
have kind of a sound harmony that some people find useful. A little trick. Form VIII,
يستمع meaning 'to listen,' to listen to something, if we want to turn
it into our مصدر, we have to identify that جذر, which is 'siin-miim-'ayn,'
and we wind up with
استماع
الاستماع, listening.' form IX is very very' rare, and in fact a lot of popular
textbooks don't even teach it to students, because it's only used to refer
to 'colors and defects,' that's what we say in English. Something 'turning brown,' or
'to be one-eyed,' or 'to have a twisted foot,' rather strange verbs like
that. You don't encounter it terribly often, but one example that you might
realistically expect to encounter at some point in your life would be يحمرّ,
'to be or become red,' especially in the face, right, 'to blush.' It's a verb
that you do actually see very occasionally. So if we want to pop it
into our مصدر, remember that we have this 'shadda' which represents a
doubled letter, so in order, you'll notice in order to turn it into a مصدر, that
doubled last letter of the root is actually separated, so we wind up with 'ha
Meem,' and then the 'raa' which has that 'shadda,'
الاحمرار
'Blushing, reddening, getting red.' Finally Form X, we've got a lot of extra letters
in this derived form, but the principle is exactly the same: يستمتع, 'to enjoy,'
and we notice that, very conveniently unlike a lot of these others, our root
letters are all lined up at the end of the conjugated verb. So we can say 'miim,
taa, 'ayn,' and our مصدر is الاستمتاع.