Marhaba! Right now we're going to talk about how to express the idea of the
verb 'to have' in Arabic. In Arabic we don't really have a conjugated verb.
We're unlikely to use a conjugated verb to express the idea of 'having' a
possession. Instead we use different particles to
which we attach suffixes. And those suffixes are virtually identical to the
possessive suffixes of Arabic. If you need a refresher on those before we
continue, you might want to go back and watch the video that we have about
possessive suffixes and how to use them, but that knowledge will come in very
handy as you're trying to express these ideas. One of the most common ways you're
likely to hear possession expressed in Arabic is through the particle عند plus
one of those suffixes. So for example if I wanted to say 'he has a new book,' I
would take عند and then I would think okay I need the هو, the he-
him possessive suffix, which is ه, and so I'm going to write it as عنده
عنده كتاب جديد he' has.' If I wanted to say 'she has a new
book,' instead of using ه I would use the هي particle the هي suffix, possessive
suffix ها
and I would wind up with عندها كتاب جديد And if I wanted to talk about
myself, 'I have a new book,' instead I would use ي,
the أنا possessive suffix, and I would wind up with عندي. Another particle...
Oh it's, before we continue, it's important to remember that عند, to
express possession in this way, we can only use it for human possessors, right?
people possessing things. I wouldn't talk about a city or a building or a dog, we
have different ways to express that which we're going to get to. Another
common way you hear possession expressed is through the particle لِـ which has kind
of an overlapping meaning with عند, but we tend to use it, for for one thing in
more formal contexts, and to express abstract relationships, especially
familial relationships, where the possession is figurative, rather than
literal, right? We don't carry around our family members in our pockets, but we
possess them we 'have' them in a certain sense. So if I wanted to say 'I have one
son,' for example again I would take لِـ and then I would need to add the أنا
possessive suffix 'yaa,' and then I would wind up with
لي ابن واحد. If I wanted to say they have one son,' that would change things a'
little bit: instead, we add هم, right,
لهم ابن واحد Or if I want to say 'we have one son,' instead I would take that
نحن suffix, 'nuun-alif,' and wind up with لنا ابن واحد.
The pronunciation of this possessor can change a little bit in dialects, for
example in Egyptian we tend to put some stress on the the first syllable, and add
kind of an 'ee' sound, so it would sound more like 'leena,' and in Shaami, in
Levantine dialect, we would actually add a little glottal stop at the beginning,
so it would sound more like 'illna,' but the way we're going to form these
possessive constructions is essentially the same from dialect to dialect right?
We're using exactly the same technique if you will. If we're talking about a
place or an institution, again we can't use عند, because I عند is only for
people, so instead we're going to use في plus exactly the same suffixes. For
example, if we want to say
this town, this city, has beautiful buildings, I might say هذه المدينة
this town, في plus that suffix right, and Medina is feminine, we know
that because of the 'taa marbuuTa' here, so I know that I'm going to need to use
the feminine suffix ها so I'm going to wind up with فيها
بنايات جميلة, right literally 'in it or at it at this city are beautiful
buildings,' right but I can't use عند because a city is not a person. Or if I
want to say 'my house has four rooms,' I could say
بيتي and again بيت right this we have this 'yaa' of possession, my house, but
بيت is masculine it doesn't have a 'taa marbuuTa,' so I'm going to take في and
then I'm going to add that masculine third-person suffix ه and wind up with
فيه أربع غرف. 'In my house, at my house are four rooms,' but I can't use عند, 57 00:06:34,270 --> 00:00:00,000 عند I'm probably not going to use لِـ because they're physical things.