let's learn about the movements of the synovial joints of the body
most of the body's joints are synovial joints which are diarthrotic or freely
movable synovial joints have different shapes
that allow for different types of movements
let's begin with the shoulder and hip the shoulder and hip are both ball and
socket joints the movements of the shoulder and hip include flexion
extension abduction adduction internal and external rotation and circumduction
flexion consists of moving the arm forward in a sagittal plane
extension consists of moving the armed backward in a sagittal plane
shoulder abduction consists of moving the arm away from the body in a coronal
or frontal plane
adduction consists of moving the arm toward the body in a coronal plane
internal or medial rotation consists of twisting or rotating the arm inward
during external or lateral rotation the arm rotates outward
circumduction consists of tracing a circle with the distal portion of the
arm
hip flexion consists of moving the leg forward in a sagittal plane
in hip extension the leg moves backward in a sagittal plane
hip abduction consists of moving the leg laterally or away from the body in a
coronal or frontal plane
in hip adduction the leg moves toward the body in a coronal plane
during internal or medial rotation of the hip the femur twists or rotates
medially notice that the lower leg moves outward during internal rotation of the
hip
external or lateral rotation consists of the femur twisting laterally
notice the lower leg moves inward during external rotation of the hip
the elbow joint is a hinge joint between the distal humerus and ulna
the movements at the elbow include flexion and extension however additional
movements of pronation and supination occur at the proximal radioulnar joint
elbow flexion consists of bending the elbow
extension consists of straightening the elbow
supination consists of externally rotating the forearm so the palm of the
hand faces upward in pronation the forum internally
rotates so the palm of the hand faces downward
the knee is also a hinge joint the movements of the knee include flexion
and extension in knee flexion the knee is bent
the extension consists of straightening the knee
the wrist is a condyloid joint the movements of the wrist include flexion
extension radial and ulnar deviation and supination and pronation
during wrist flexion the wrist bends forward
in wrist extension the wrist bends backward
owner deviation of the risk consists of bending the wrist so the little finger
moves toward the body
radial deviation consists of bending the wrists so the thumb moves away from the
body
the ankle joint is a plane join
movements of the ankle include dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
movements of the foot include inversion and e-version
ankle dorsiflexion consists of bending the ankle so the toes point upward
an ankle plantar flexion the ankle bends so the toes point downward
foot inversion consists of moving the foot so the sole of the foot points
inward
in eversion the foot moves so the sole of the foot points outward
there are two types of joints in the spine fibrocartilaginous joints are
located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae synovial joints occur between
the articular surfaces of adjacent vertebrae
the movements of the spine include flexion extension right and left lateral
flexion and right and left rotation
spinal flexion consists of forward bending in a sagittal plane
spinal extension consists of backward bending in a sagittal plane
right and left lateral flection can bending the spine to the right or left
in a coronal or frontal plane
right and left rotation consists of twisting the spine to the left or right
you
special thanks to Grace Forciea for producing the animations for this video
we hope you have learned something about ranges of motion and see you next time