We're eating more and more 我们吃的章鱼
octopus. 越来越多了。
It's an expensive delicacy 这款美味佳肴
in a lot of places. 在很多地方都价格不菲。
To avoid wild populations 为了避免野生数量
plummeting, a race is on 大幅下降，各处争相
to build the world's first 建立全球第一个
commercial octopus farm. 章鱼商业养殖场。
So, is this future of sustainable 那么，这是海鲜可持续发展的未来？
seafood? Or an impossible project 亦或是一个不可能的任务
to enslave one of nature's 毕竟要去圈养的是自然界
most mysterious predators? 最神秘的捕食者之一。
讨论： 和爱丽丝·马修斯一起 支持/反对章鱼养殖
Slimy tentacles and spraying ink, 滑腻的触手、喷射的墨汁
despite appearances, octopuses -- 撇去它的外表不谈，章鱼
no, it's not octopi, 这个词的复数是es结尾不是i，
have become a really popular 章鱼已经成为一道备受欢迎的
culinary delight. 美味佳肴。
Global catches nearly doubled 全球范围内章鱼的捕捞量
between 1980 and 2014. 在1980至2014年间几乎翻了一倍。
Two thirds of that comes from Asia 其中2/3在亚洲
and half from China alone. 而仅中国的捕捞量就占了1/2。
The biggest importers are Japan, 最大的章鱼进口国是日本、
South Korea and countries in the 韩国和地中海北部的
north Mediterranean. 一些国家。
Here in Australia, demand is also 在澳大利亚，需求也在
growing. 增长。
So, to avoid them being overfished 所以，为了避免过度
in the wild, some scientists 野生捕捞，一些科学家
and entrepreneurs are dedicating 和企业家正致力于
their lives to farming octopus. 章鱼养殖业。
章鱼很神奇。
而且，还很美味。
Dr. Rosas Vazquez is trying to 罗萨斯·巴斯克斯博士正在努力
build the world's first commercial 建造世界第一家商业
octopus farm. 章鱼养殖场。
It's a huge challenge because they're 这是一项很大的挑战，因为
notoriously hard to keep alive 圈养章鱼的存活率
in captivity. 出奇的低。
It's nearly impossible to raise 人工养殖普通章鱼
the common octopus 能活过幼年期的
past infancy. 都很少。
And those that do reach adulthood 就算长到成年，
eat at least double their own 它们需要不少于自身重量两倍的
body weight in seafood. 海鲜作为食物。
Octopuses are natural hunters 章鱼是天生的猎手，
and carnivores, 又是食肉动物，
So, it's not a matter of throwing out 所以养殖并不是简单的丢些
some hay or giving them some grass 干草或是青草让它们
to chomp on. 去嚼。
It'd be kind of like 可能更像是
trying to farm lions. 要圈养狮子。
Plus, keeping animals together 再者，动物大量聚集
in great numbers spreads disease, 容易传播疾病，
so you'd need to vaccinate them. 所以需要进行疫苗接种。
Which begs the question, 那么问题就来了，
how do you vaccinate an octopus? 怎么给章鱼打疫苗呢？
Then, there are the broader issues. 涉及的问题也更广泛。
For starters, they're really smart. 首先，它们是聪明的物种。
它们会拼图，爱探索，
它们能记得人类个体
因为它们与这些人类有过特定的经历
Science philosopher 科学哲学家
Peter Godfrey-Smith says 彼得·戈佛雷·史密斯说
an octopus might be as close as 章鱼差不多
you'll ever get to meeting 类似于
an intelligent alien. 有智力的外星人。
This octopus, 这只章鱼
nicknamed Egbert, 小名叫做埃格伯特
is getting a human he's met 正在让一个它之前见过
several times before to 几次的人类
help him search for food. 帮它找食物。
Another octopus has even gone 另一只章鱼甚至
down in history as an oracle. 是个名留青史的预言家。
Paul correctly predicted 保罗正确预测了球赛结果
12 out of 14 football matches, 14场比赛里12场都对。
including World Cup games. 其中还包括世界杯赛。
That's an 85 percent success rate. 成功率高达85%。
Paul died at the ripe old age of 保罗晚年去世，
two and a half -- 享年两岁半，
about the average lifespan for a 差不多就是普通章鱼的
common octopus. 平均寿命。
Which makes their intelligence level 这显得它们的智力水平
even more incredible. 尤为惊人。
And their physical makeup 它们的生理构成
is out of this world. 也十分出色。
Octopuses have huge brains, 章鱼的大脑很大，
and three hearts. 有三个心脏。
Their nervous system runs through 它们的神经系统延伸到
their tentacles, 所有的触手，
so each arm can taste and feel. 所以每一根都可以品尝和感知。
And each arm kind of has 而同时每根触手也算是
a mind of its own. 有自己的意识。
Plus, they can manipulate 此外，它们能操纵
their bodies to squeeze through 自己的身体，塞进
tiny holes, 很小的洞里，
which makes them amazing 这点能让它们成为出色的
escape artists. 逃生艺术家。
They can also camouflage, 它们还能伪装隐身
and some can even change texture. 有些甚至能改变自身纹理。
Also, they take pride in 它们也对自己的家
their houses. 倍感自豪。
The Beatles didn't write 披头士的
'Octopus's Garden' “章鱼花园”
based on nothing. 可不是毫无根据。
Octopuses collect all sorts of objects, 章鱼收集各种东西，
to protect and even decorate 来保护甚至装饰
their homes. 自己的家。
And they probably don't want 它们可能不太希望
those homes to look like this. 自己的家是这个样子。
These solitary tanks are an 这一个个孤立的水箱
artist's impression of what a 是艺术家们心中的
working octopus farm would 章鱼养殖场
have to be, to stop them from 该有的样子，这样能防止
eating each other, 它们吃掉彼此。
cooped up like battery hens. 像鸡笼里的鸡一样把它们关起来。
我们真的要大量养殖
这种高度智慧
并且可能有高度感知力的食肉动物吗？
Jennifer Jacquet is a professor 珍妮佛·雅凯是名
of environmental science. 环境科学教授。
She says the whole promise 她表示这些海鲜产品
of sustainably grown seafood 可持续养殖的承诺
is overblown. 都被夸大了。
基本上，由水产养殖
缓解野生物种面临的压力
这种情况
从来没有过。
So, when the task seems 所以如果这个任务看起来
near impossible, 不太现实，
the benefits are slim, 收益甚微
and it comes at the cost of 要付出的代价是
enslaving one of the world's most 圈养世界上最神奇的
wondrous creatures, 生物之一，
the case for farming intelligent aliens 讨论人工养殖有智慧的外星生物
hasn't convinced me. 难以说服我。
反对