﻿Adis Ababa-Ethiopia. Ethiopia's capital and largest city,
Addis Ababa, is also known as Finfinne "natural spring." The city is located a few miles west of
the East African Rift, which divides Ethiopia into two plates, the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate,
and is located between the two plates. The city is surrounded by the Special Zone of Oromia and
is populated by Ethiopians from all across the country. Addis Ababa is also the capital of the
Oromia Region, as it is a chartered city. The city is divided into ten subcities, or boroughs.
The empress dubbed the city Addis Ababa ("New Flower") when it was founded in 1887.
From 1936 to 1941, Addis Ababa served as the capital of Italian East Africa.
During this time, modern stone houses were built, notably in European residential neighborhoods, and
many roads were paved. Other advancements included the construction of a water reservoir at Gefarsa,
in the west, and a hydroelectric station in Akaki, in the south. Between 1941 and 1960,
Addis Ababa underwent very minor modifications, but progress has been significant since then.
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HISTORY
Addis Ababa was Ethiopia's last imperial capital and is now the capital of the
modern state of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa began as a mineral springs retreat for Ethiopia's
royal family and nobles in 1886. Entoto, its immediate predecessor, was located on a high
tableland and was deemed to be unsuitable due to excessive cold and a severe lack of firewood.
Emperor Menilek II (reigned 1889–1913)'s wife, Empress Taitu, encouraged him to build a home
near the hot springs at the foot of the tableland and to gift nobility members land in the area.
When Emperor Menilek II (r. 1889-1913) built his palace there in 1892, he declared it the capital.
By 1896, members of the nobility had begun to establish permanent residences in the new capital.
Neighborhoods carrying the names of these aristocrats housed their adherents, as did
districts for imperial employees. Foreigners, artisans, and merchants flocked to the city as
well. The formerly unclear destiny of the city was established in 1907 with the awarding of
land charters, and in 1917 with the arrival of the train from Djibouti. Ras Tafari Makonnen,
afterwards Haile Selassie (r. 1930-74), had risen to become one of Addis Abeba's most
influential figures by 1917. He saw the city's future importance and redistributed most of his
newly acquired money to attract support from the growing urban Ethiopian elite.
Tafari rose to the top of a regency council after a series of mass rallies in Addis Ababa in 1918.
Between 1926 and 1927, Addis Ababa had an economic boom,
spurred by the lucrative processing of coffee and hides right before export.
The city's bourgeoisie, aided by this new income, began to build large stone houses
filled with imported European furnishings, and the wealthiest among them began to drive vehicles.
At this period, the city began to construct a rudimentary financial system.
In a stunning week-long celebration in 1930, Tafari was crowned Emperor Haile Selassie.
A wave of city-wide renovations, including street paving, the installation of power lines
and telephones, and the creation of various monuments throughout Addis Ababa, preceded
the spectacular. The Emperor was forced to flee Addis Ababa and the country in 1936 after a series
of defeats by the Italians, who had invaded in 1935. This sparked a riot in the capital,
which was only put down after the Italians took control of the city a few days later. Addis Ababa
was liberated five years later, with the help of a British force, and Selassie reentered the city.
Addis Ababa proceeded to modernize and draw international investors,
traders, and Ethiopians from the countryside over the next two decades,
and it became a hub of higher education. However, the government's sluggish response to a famine in
1973 sparked a series of student protests in Addis Ababa in 1974, followed by a successful
coup d'état that deposed Selassie. The Derg, or military dictatorship, crumbled in 1991. With
a population of 3.3 million people in 2008, Addis Ababa remains Ethiopia's capital and first city.
CITY LAYOUT In its early years, the city resembled a military
encampment more than a settlement. The emperor's palace, which was encircled by the homes of his
army and uncountable retainers, was the focal point. Firewood became scarce as the population
grew. A huge quantity of eucalyptus trees were imported from Australia in 1905, and the trees
quickly spread around the city, providing a forest cover. Addis Ababa's architecture
is distinctive. Addis Ababa, unlike many African towns, was not founded as a colonial settlement.
This indicates that the city's architecture is not in the European style. With the Italian
invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, this changed. The most visible evidence of Italian influence
is the Piazza district in the city center. The architecture is distinctly Italian, and there
are numerous Italian restaurants, as well as little cafés and European-style shopping malls.
The National Palace, originally known as the Jubilee Palace, and Menelik's
old Imperial palace, which is the official seat of government, are well worth visiting.
Jubilee Palace was likewise inspired by the United Kingdom's Buckingham
Palace. Africa Park is located along Menelik II Avenue, while Unity Park is located at the Palace.
The city is home to the Ethiopian National Library, the Ethiopian Ethnological Museum
(and former Guenete Leul Palace), the Addis Ababa Museum, the Ethiopian Natural History Museum,
the Ethiopian Railway Museum and National Postal Museum. The National Museum of Ethiopia houses
the fossilized skeleton and a plaster replica of the early hominid Lucy (also known as Dinkinesh in
Ethiopia). The Shengo Hall, which was built in Finland before being completed in Addis Ababa,
was the world's largest prefabricated structure. Large gatherings and conventions are held
here. The enormous Mercato market, the Jan Meda racecourse, the Bihere Tsige Recreation Centre,
and a railway connection to Djibouti are among the city's other attractions.
People and Culture
The many churches, mosques, museums, and cuisines reflect the diversity of its people.
Ethiopians take their history very seriously, and they have good reason. Ethiopia has one of
the world's oldest Christian traditions. It was one of just two African countries not colonized,
but it's commonly recognized that the first people originated from the Rift Valley flowing through
Ethiopia. The National Museum of Ethiopia houses the famous Lucy, the oldest and most complete
hominid skeleton yet discovered, which was discovered in the Danakil desert in northeastern
Ethiopia. Ethiopian culture — that unmistakable Ethiopian-ness — is also inextricably linked to
coffee. According to history, this is the land of the finest Arabica coffee, which was discovered
by an Ethiopian shepherd boy and his goats sometime around the sixth century. Addis Ababa,
meantime, is a city of cafés, traditional coffee shops in bars and restaurants, and
ladies walking the streets with thermos flasks, all of which serve strong, high-quality coffee
Government and services
Because of its historical, diplomatic, and political importance to the continent,
Addis Ababa is often referred to as "Africa's political capital."
It also serves as the headquarters for the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
(ECA) and a number of other continental and international organizations.
The city of Addis Ababa is one of two federal cities in Ethiopia that are accountable to the
Ethiopian Federal Government, according to the Ethiopian Constitution of 1995.
The Mayor, who leads the executive branch, and the City Council, which enforces city ordinances,
make up Addis Ababa's administration. However, as part of the Federal Government,
the federal legislature enacts laws that are binding in Addis Abeba.
Members of the City Council are chosen directly by the city's people, and the Council, in turn,
elects the Mayor from among its members. Education
Ethiopia's educational and administrative capital is Addis Abeba. It is home to Addis
Ababa University, which was founded in 1950, as well as several teacher-training institutes and
technical schools. The Museum of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies (operated by the university),
the National School of Music, the National Library and Archives, past emperors' palaces,
and government departments are all located in the city. The African Union and the United
Nations Economic Commission for Africa, both of which are headquartered in Africa Hall,
are two of the most important international organizations with headquarters in the city.
Industry and commerce
Textiles, shoes, food, beverages, wood goods, plastics, and chemical items are among the things
manufactured in Addis Abeba. The city also houses the majority of Ethiopia's service industries.
Addis Ababa is the hub of banking and insurance services, as well as the home of the country's
major newspapers. On its journey to or from the ports of Djibouti, on the Gulf of Aden,
or Asseb, Eritrea, on the Red Sea, the majority of Ethiopia's export and import traffic passes
through Addis Ababa. Much of the country's internal trade passes through the city, which
serves as a collecting and distribution point. The Mercato, in the city's western outskirts,
is one of Africa's largest open-air markets.The Piazza in the central city and Bole Road to the
southeast feature more-expensive European-style shopping centres.
Transportation
The nation's transportation network is centered in Addis Ababa. There are several roads that connect
it to other major towns; the only railway travels to Djibouti. On September 20, 2015,
Addis Abeba's light rail system opened to the public. This is the first system of its kind in
Sub-Saharan Africa. The route is a 34.25-kilometer (21.28-mile) network with two lines, with the
operating line extending from the city center to the south. When finished, the east–west route will
connect Ayat to the Torhailoch ring road, as well as Menelik Square to Merkato Bus Station,
Meskel Square, and Akaki. An international airport serves the city, which was previously known as
Haile Selassie I International Airport. It is the primary hub of Ethiopian Airlines, the country's
national carrier, which offers nonstop service to Asia, Europe, North America, and South America,
as well as domestic and international destinations in Ethiopia and across Africa. The Ethiopian
Aviation Academy is also based at the airport. Nearly 450 planes per day were departing and
arriving at the airport as of June 2018. International trade
The African Union (AU), formerly the Organization of African Unity (1963–2002),
is an intergovernmental organization founded in 2002 to promote African unity and solidarity,
economic development, and international collaboration. The Organization of African
Unity (OAU) was superseded by the African Union (AU) (OAU). The African Union's
headquarters are in Ethiopia's Addis Ababa. The Organization of African Unity (OAU) was
founded on May 25, 1963, and its activities included diplomacy (particularly in support
of African liberation movements), mediation of boundary conflicts and regional and civil warfare,
and economic and communications research. The OAU kept the “Africa group” at the United Nations
(UN), through which much of its international coordination efforts were routed. The OAU played a
key role in bringing African governments together in the work of the Group of 77, which serves as a
caucus of developing countries at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
The OAU's main organ was the annual meeting of heads of state and government. Between summits,
policy decisions were made by a council of ministers, which was made up of foreign
ministers from member states. The OAU's most notable practical achievements were mediations in
a number of boundary conflicts, including that of Algeri and Morocco (1963–64) and Kenya and Somalia
(1965–67). It kept tabs on happenings in South Africa and advocated for international economic
sanctions against the country as long as apartheid was in effect. The Organisation of African Unity
(OAU) established a framework in 1993 to engage in peacemaking and peacekeeping on the continent.
The OAU commissioned an international panel, led by former Botswanan president Ketumile Masire,
to investigate the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, and the panel's report was released in 2000. In 2000,
it was proposed that the OAU be replaced by a new body, the African Union, spearheaded
by Libyan leader Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi. The African Union, like the European Union,
was to be more economic in nature, with a central bank, a court of justice,
and an all-Africa parliament. A Constitutive Act establishing the African Union was passed
by two-thirds of the OAU's members and entered into force on May 26, 2001. In July 2002, the
African Union took over the OAU after a transition phase. In 2004, the African Union established the
Pan-African Parliament, and the organization agreed to establish the African Standby Force,
a 15,000-strong peacekeeping force. Thank you for watching.if there are any
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