Now we will start the lesson on simple present tense. Simple present tense is a
very important tense in Farsi because the usage is very common. And in so many
situations, it's used. So now first we will see how to form the simple
present tense. In order to form a simple present tense, first we need to look at
the infinitive. For example, the verb "کردن", a very common word, means to do. So in
order to form the present tense, you need to have the present stem and present
stem in Farsi is irregular, and you should have it memorized. They're mainly
irregular. There is some regularity, but you can say they're mainly
irregular. And in order to be able to form a present tense of this verb, for
example, you need to have memorized the present stem. So in in this case, the
present stem of "کردن" is "کن".
And now we have the present stem. Another step is to add the prefix "می" to
the present stem and then conjugate the verb with their personal ending in
present tense. So the first person is "می کنم"
So let's conjugate this verb in present tense:
می کنم
Second person, "می کنی". You do. I do, you do. Third person, "می کند". He or she
or it does. First person plural, "می کنیم"
We do. "می کنید", you do, plural. And "می کنند", [they do].
So first having the present stem, then adding the prefix "می", and then personal
endings. In present tense, as you can see, personal endings in the past and present
tense, there they are the same. Except for the third person. In the third
person past, you don't have any ending. While here we have the ending "اد". For
example, in the past tense it was "کردم، کردی، کرد", without anything.
"کردیم، کردید، کردند". So the endings in past and present present, they
are the same, except for the third person singular: in the past tense, there is
no ending and in the present tense there is the ending "اد". So let's look at
another example. For example, the verb "نوشتن", to write. Now, in
order to form the present present tense, we need to have their present stem. The
present stem is "نویس". So it's different. It is hard to
guess "نویس" from "نوشتن" and so you should have already memorized this. And then, we
need to add "می" in the beginning and then personal ending, that is "ام":
می نویسم، می نویسی، می نویسد.
I write, you write, he or she writes.
می نویسیم، می نویسید، می نویسند.
»o as you can see, the
endings are pretty much the same as past.Just the third person singular is
different.
می نویسم، می نویسی، می نویسد. می نویسیم، می نویسید، می نویسند.
So the hard part of forming past present tense is to memorize the present stems
that are mainly irregular. Now let's talk about the main usages of present. The
present tense in Farsi implies present and future. So you have
one verb that implies present and future and contextually you know
if the person who is using that verb implies present or future.
For example:
من حالا کار می کنم.
I work. I work now. It implies present, so the first usage of present
tense is talking about the present moment: "من کار می کنم".Another
example: "من فردا کار می کنم". I work tomorrow. So
it was literal. But in English it's "I will work tomorrow." So as you can see present
tense in Farsi implies the present and the future. So in this case, it implies "I
work. I am working. And I will work." The third usage is to express something that
regularly happens. For example, the scientific facts or something that
someone does regularly. Let's look at some example: من هر روز به مدرسه می روم.
I go to school every day. So probably this is the usage that is in
common between Farsi and English: about something that regularly happens
and also, you know, scientific facts. So: من هر روز
every day. It's a regular action. "به مدرسه می روم". Let's look at
another example of the same usage:
زمین به دور خورشید می گردد.
These are present verbs. So "زمین", the earth that circulate around the sun. It
was a literal translation. So it's a scientific fact fact
that always--it has been a very very long time a regular fact that "زمین", the earth,
circulates around the sun. So first we talked about how to form the present tense. That is,
having their present stem, adding the prefix "می" and personal endings in
present. The only difference between the past and present in terms of personal
endings was really about third-person singular. And then we talked about the
main usages of present tense. First, it is used for implying the
action in the present moment: "من حالا کار می کنم." I am working now.
The other one was to express something for future: "من فردا کار می کنم". I will
work tomorrow. And the third one was to express something regular that
regularly happens, like
"من هر روز به مدرسه می روم".
I go to school every day.
That was the lesson about simple present tense in Farsi.