This lesson is about past participle in Farsi. So let's first
clarify the meaning of past participle in English. Past participle or third form
of the verb is the form that in English gets an "ed" suffix at the end.
Or if it's irregular, you should should remember their irregular form. For
for example, you have the verb "see." The past tense is "saw" and the
third form or past participle is "seen." Or for example, the verb "to go:" past
tense is "went" and the past participle or third form is "gone." So now we want to see
how we can form past participle the "gone" form or the "seen" form in Farsi. So always in
Farsi, the verb and the past tense present tense or the past
participle are formed from the infinitive one. So for example, we have
the verb "رفتن". The infinitive form "رفتن" means "to go."
So now we want to form the "gone" part. How we can form tha,t it's very
easy. In Farsi, it's completely regular. There is no irregular past participle
in Farsi. You just drop "ن" and add "ه" to the infinitive. So "رفتن"
changes to "رفته", "gone." First you drop "ن", then add "ه" and then you
have "رفته". So this part makes it past participle. Excuse me. Another
example: " دیدن", "to see." So you drop "ن" and add "ه"
at the end, then you have "دیده".
Another one: "کردن", then you drop "ن" and add "ه", then you
have "کرده", "done." So "کردن", to do, "کرده", done. "دیدن", to see, "دیده", seen.
And "رفتن", to go, "رفته", gone, and
all other verbs. For example "خوردن" becomes "خورده".
And "گفتن" becomes "گفته". "شستن", to wash, "شسته", washed. "خریدن", to
buy, "خریده", bought. And and the compound verbs. For example we
have "ازدواج کردن", to get married. Now you want to say that "got married," you know in
the past participle. You just make the verbal element a past participle. Let's
look at it: "ازدواج کردن". The past participial is just dropping "ن"
from the verbal part and add "ه" and then you have "ازدواج کرده".
As we said in compound verbs, all the changes
happen to the verbal element not to the noun part or the adjective part or the
prepositional part. Another point about this third form or past participle is
that it it's very important to form the past tenses, because in order to form
past perfect and present perfect in Farsi you need to use past participle.
Also past participles somehow like English function like an adjective. "رفته"
Then you have "رفته." Someone who is "gone". Or "دیده", and it is something which is
seen. So it's like an adjective also. So it's very easy to form it. Just dropping
the "ن" from the infinitive form and adding "ه". It is very important, because you
form past perfect and present perfect in farsi using a past participle. Also past
participle sometimes works like an adjective in Farsi.