[Anjali Bhagavatula] Hello everyone.
My name is Anjali Bhagavatula and I am undergrad biotechnology student, and today I'll be presenting
obesity due to sleep deprivation.
Obesity has become an epidemic now and it has become a cause of many psychological problems
including low self esteem in individuals.
Obesity can be caused by many factors,
like age, gender, environment, genetics, and sleep.
So today, we will be looking at obesity in terms of sleep deprivation.
So before we look at the connection between obesity and sleep deprivation,
we'll be looking at their definitions in individual terms.
Obesity is a condition in which an individual is significantly overweight for his or her age and height.
It is measured by BMI, which is body mass index,
that considers factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, muscle mass, et cetera.
The long term effects that are associated with obesity is type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, increased risk of certain cancers, and respiratory diseases like asthma.
On the other hand, sleep deprivation is when an individual lacks the average biological sleep needed for a day.
So the average biological sleep that we need for a day is typically seven hours
for adults and children.
The long term effects of that are associated with sleep deprivation is
decrease in cognitive thinking, mood swings, weakened immunity, high blood pressure, risk of heart diseases, diabetes, and weight gain.
If you have observed, the long term effects between sleep deprivation and obesity are similar.
So why are we looking at the link between obesity and sleep deprivation?
So your body repairs itself by releasing growth hormones while an individual is asleep.
Those hormones stimulate muscle mass and protein synthesis that result in fat breakdown, and this whole process called lipolysis.
So, each individual bodies goes through lipolysis, and by having fluctuations in sleep,
affects this process and prevents fat breakdown.
This leads to an excess of fat buildup in the body that increases weight gain and leads to a long term effect of obesity.
So the main question we are trying to answer here is what it the link between obesity and sleep?
According to many research articles, it is believed that there is a bidirectional link between sleep deprivation and obesity.
We are trying to answer this question because according to the CDC data of 2018,
the prevalence of obesity for children who are 2 to 19 years is about 18.5%.
About 13.7 million children and adolescents suffer with obesity,
and almost about 42.4% of adults are also suffering with obesity.
So there is a trend in increase of obesity and severe obesity
for almost the past years of 1999 to 2018,
and this might be due to our modern living styles,
increased stress, increase in amount of work schedules, and our fluctuated work schedules and hourly work schedules
that causes deprivation in sleep and increase in obesity.
So while we are looking at the link between obesity and sleep, we have to consider three internal factors, three internal hormones
which is ghrelin, melatonin, and leptin.
Ghrelin is a hormone of hunger, melatonin is a hormone that is related to sleep and tiredness, and leptin is a hormone that alerts our body when we are full.
So a decrease in sleep is associated with leptin and ghrelin in plasma concentration.
So a decrease in sleep reduces leptin, which means our body will no longer notify us when we are full,
and increased in ghrelin, which means this will increase our appetite, which could lead to weight gain.
So, disturbances in the circadian rhythm of melatonin would cause lower levels of melatonin hormone production,
which can increase appetite and lead to weight gain.
So the big concept we are trying to show here is lack of sleep increases the time you are awake, increases hunger, increases calorie intakes, and decreases physical activity.
So we are trying to say that the link is not only bidirectional but rather circular between sleep deprivation and obesity.
Another question we are trying to answer here is does sleep effect on obesity vary with gender and age?
So according to this data that has been collected for adult males, adult females, and children aged nine to twelve years,
the variables that we are considering here are food intake, sleep, and activity that have been measured per day.
As you can notice, the amount of sleep needed for adult males and females is between seven to eight hours,
and the amount of sleep that is needed for children is nine to twelve hours.
The food intake for adult males and females varies almost 500 calories, and for children is about 1900 calories.
So, considering these variables, we could say that sleep affect on obesity do vary with age and gender.
Sleep deprivations for a prolonged period would fluctuate the period of fasting and non-fasting food schedules, and fluctuations in food schedules affect the activeness in individuals.
So sleep effects every individual differently in terms of age and gender,
and in conclusion, the connection between sleep and food is circular due to the amount of other factors involved between, and have an overall affect on the human body and mind.
So now that we have understood the link between obesity and sleep deprivation, what can we do with this information?
Firstly, we could start by making small changes in our lifestyles and our habits.
We could start by eating healthy, and eating in a scheduled time, and
we could start by improving the amount of sleep that we receive every day by allowing us to
provide some nap times and rest times between,
and also improving our sleep gradually.
So small changes in our daily habits would allow us to prevent obesity,
and be away from the risks of long term effects that are associated with obesity. Thank you.