hi and welcome to this series of lessons
on the parts of speech my name is Ganesh
and in this first lesson I'm going to
give you a quick introduction to the
eight parts of speech in the following
lessons we'll learn more in detail about
each part of speech now before we start
just remember if you have any questions
at all you just have to let me know in
the comment section below and I will
talk to you there okay so first of all
what is a part of speech well a part of
speech is just the name given to a word
based on the job that it does in a
sentence think of parts of speech as
being kind of like job titles just like
a person can be a teacher or a doctor or
a lawyer a word can be a verb an
adjective a noun
etc depending on the job that it does in
a sentence and these can be really
useful to learn because when you're
studying grammar you will come across
terms like these you will come across
terms like nouns verbs and adjectives
and if you know what they mean it can
help you to speed up your study of
grammar alright so how many parts of
speech are there there are eight parts
of speech and we start by talking about
the verb we start with the verb because
verbs are probably the most important
words in the English language and that
is for two reasons first every sentence
in English must have a verb you cannot
have sentences without verbs in English
and the second reason is that only verbs
have tenses now I'm sure you know about
past tense present tense and future
tense that's how we talk about different
times and to do that we change the forms
of verbs so verbs are really important
now what does a verb do
well a verb is a word that shows an
action or a state state means a
situation for example in the sentence
Dylan plays tennis three times a week in
the sentence the verb is play because
that's the action we're saying plays
because for he she and it we say plays
we add the S to the verb in the present
tense so Dylan plays in this next
sentence I am a teacher can you tell me
which is the verb the verb is am that's
basically just the verb be or to be but
we say I am you are he is etc so I am a
teacher now I want you to notice a very
important difference between these two
sentences notice that in the first
sentence we are talking about a physical
action because playing is something that
we do physically but in the second
sentence we are not talking about any
physical action we're just saying I am a
teacher we call that a state that means
a situation so verbs can show actions or
they can show states or situations those
are the two types of verbs okay the next
part of speech is the noun a noun is the
name given to a person place animal
thing feeling or idea for example here's
a sentence with a lot of nouns Rosie
went to Malta on vacation with her
family last year can you identify all
the nouns in this sentence well the
first noun is Rosie it's the name of a
person the second noun is Malta Malta is
the name of a place it's actually a
beautiful small little island country in
Europe here's a Malta is a place
the next now is vacation vacation is the
name given to a type of trip that people
take and the noun after that is family
what's a family family is a group of
people who are related mothers fathers
sons daughters brothers sisters etc and
the last noun in the sentence is year a
year is just 365 days or the time that
it takes the earth to go around the Sun
now of course nouns can also be animals
like dogs or cats or a noun could be a
thing like watch pen t-shirt etc or it
could be a feeling such as love or anger
those are all nouns
what's a pronoun though well a pronoun
is a word that replaces a noun
replaces means it takes the place of a
noun but you might ask why should a
pronoun do that well take a look at this
sentence Melvin is at the movies with
Melvin's girlfriend Melvin really enjoys
spending time with Melvin's girlfriend
now of course that sounds really stupid
and that is because can you tell me why
can you tell me what the problem is in
that sentence well the problem is that
we keep repeating Melvin and Melvin's
girlfriend and that is very unnatural we
don't talk like that and to avoid that
kind of repetition we can use pronouns
so can you tell me where you would use
pronouns and those two sentences or we
can say Melvin is at the movies with his
girlfriend he really enjoys spending
time with her there are three pronouns
there his he and her did you get all of
those okay now I want you to notice that
the pronoun
he is in the subject position he is the
subject of the verb enjoy who enjoys he
enjoys and the pronoun her is in the
object position now to replace a noun in
the subject position like Melvin for
example we use what are called subject
pronouns
these are I you we they he she and it
and to replace a noun in the object
position
can you guess what we use we use object
pronouns those are me you us them him
her and it now there are other pronouns
in English such as his hers this that
etc but we will talk about them in more
detail when we come to the lesson on
pronouns for now just remember that the
pronoun replaces a noun to avoid
repetition and to make our speech sound
more natural okay the next part of
speech is the adjective an adjective is
a word that gives us information about a
noun or a pronoun have a look at this
sentence they drive an amazing big red
sports car here the noun that we are
interested in is car so can you identify
all the adjectives that give information
about car well if you said amazing big
red and sports you are correct because
all of those are adjectives and if you
look at them closely you will realize
that these give us answers to questions
like what color what size what type etc
the adjective amazing gives us the
answer to the question what is your
opinion of the car now if you ask me
what's your opinion of the car I would
tell you it's
amazing what size is the car it's big
what's the color it's red and what type
of car is it it's a sports car okay now
that's all great but I don't know if you
noticed there's actually one more
adjective in this sentence and that is
the word an now the words a and and the
are called articles in English and
articles are also adjectives because
they give us information about the nouns
that come after them in this sentence
for example we know that they drive one
car we know that because we said an
amazing big red sports car so remember
that adjectives give us information
about nouns and pronouns and answer
questions like what type what color what
size etc okay but what are adverbs now
when I learn grammar in school I was
taught that adjectives give information
about nouns and adverbs give information
about verbs and in fact a lot of
teachers still teach it that way but the
thing is that's only half correct
because an adverb can give information
about a verb but it can also give
information about an adjective or even
another adverb so these are really
talented words you see they can do a lot
of things and adverbs usually answer
questions like when why how in what way
etc let me show you a sentence so you
can see all the different things that
adverbs can do yesterday evening we
walked somewhat slowly in a very
beautiful garden in this sentence the
first adverb is yesterday evening that
shows us when the action happened the
action here is walk that's the verb
there's another adjective adverb slowly
and that shows us how the action
happened how did we walk we walked
slowly so both yesterday evening and
slowly tell us about the verb walk but
notice that you can further ask how
slowly did we walk did we walk very
slowly or a little slowly
the answer is somewhat slowly somewhat
means something like a little now notice
that somewhat is actually giving us
information about slowly how slowly
somewhat slowly so that's an adverb that
gives information about another adverb
and there's yet another one very that
adverb is giving us information about
beautiful beautiful is an adjective
okay so you see all the different kinds
of things that adverbs can do alright
the next type the next part of speech is
the preposition prepositions are words
like in on at by from with before and
after and these words help us to show
relationships in time place and position
for example here's a common thing that
we say to people that we know a lot I'll
see you at the office on Monday there
are two prepositions in this sentence
can you say which those are the
prepositions are at and on the first
preposition at shows us the place we're
at the office and the second preposition
on shows us the time when on Monday so
that's what prepositions do they help us
to show relationships in time place and
position now students sometimes confuse
prepositions with conjunctions but these
are very different
conjunctions are words like an but or so
and because and they help to connect
ideas for example in the sentence Clara
and Jasmine are best friends can you say
which the conjunction is the conjunction
is end and it helps to connect Clara and
Jasmine both of which are nouns but
conjunctions can even connect sentences
for example I didn't go to school today
because I don't feel very well here
there are two sentences we call them
clauses the second clause I don't feel
very well is the reason and the first
Clause I didn't go to school today is
the result
the conjunction here is because and it
shows us this reason and result
relationship notice that we can also say
I don't feel very well today
so I didn't go to school in that case
the conjunction would be so all right
the last part of speech that we will
look at is the interjection
introductions are words that have no
real meaning but they help us to show
sudden emotion or exclamation
for example the interjection Wow
shows excitement surprise or amazement
the interjection ah shows frustration or
anger like if I'm trying to open a jar
of cookies or a jar of pickles can't
open it I might say ah I just can't do
it that shows I'm angry I'm frustrated
some other common intersections are ouch
oops Hey and hi these last two words are
used when we meet someone or when we
want to call out to someone for example
and say hi how are you or hey John over
here look I'm standing over here so I
want to call out to John okay all right
so those are the eight parts of speech
let's do a quick recap of what we
learned today we started with the verb
the verb is a word that shows an action
or a state state means situation a noun
is a person place animal thing feeling
or idea a pronoun replaces a noun and we
use pronouns so that our speech is not
repetitive and more natural adjectives
are words that give us information about
nouns or pronouns and they answer
questions like what kind how many what
color what size etc adverbs give us
information about verbs or adjectives or
even other adverbs prepositions are
words that help us to show relationships
in time place or position conjunctions
are words like and but because etc and
they help us to connect ideas those can
be nouns or they can even be verbs and
even whole sentences so you can connect
any two ideas using conjunctions and
finally interjections are words with no
real meaning and they help us to show
exclamation or sudden emotion just
remember that these are used less
commonly in speech and more commonly
partly they're used more commonly in
speech and not so much in writing when
we write them we usually put an
exclamation mark all right so I hope you
enjoyed this lesson remember to
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you in the next lesson