whole wonderful person this event on and
in today's video I wanted to talk about
Neptune and Uranus and specifically I
really wanted to kind of compare and
contrast them telling you most of their
similarities and also most of their
differences just so that you kind of
know a little bit more about these two
wonderful planets that are about to
collide with each other because I didn't
really place them very accurately in a
very stable orbit anyway
before they collide welcome to what the
math
[Music]
so here we go destroying two planetary
systems and as you can see this kind of
gives you an idea of what Neptune and
Uranus I like in terms of mass and size
so here the mass is about fourteen
masses of Earth here it's about 17
masses of Earth and their sizes are
actually relatively comparable as are
their colors their composition and
pretty much everything else about them
so the error in a sense known as sister
planets they're very very similar to
each other and now they're one big
sister because they just collide it and
create this wonderful object that's
that's where is it that's why do
whatever to find out what it looks like
that is going to be about twenty
something or 30 something thirty one
maybe masses of Earth I guess it lost a
lot of mass due to collision but anyway
we're going to actually dissect them
individually and look at them from a
different perspective from basically
perspective of planetary science and
compare and contrast these two objects
so we've talked about their mass and
their size but there's also some other
similarities as well so first of all
their color and their atmospheric
composition we're going to slow down
time here before they collide they're
actually relatively similar both in
terms of color and what's inside of them
so for the most part they both contain a
kind of a solid core that's maybe
planetary like in in origin or maybe
even it's similar to planets like Mars
but we don't really know enough about it
we can only just speculate that there is
a core and above the core is a very very
large ocean of liquid water so there's
quite a lot of liquid water on the
inside but it's very very highly
pressurized and there is like no wider
whatsoever so finding life in those
oceans would be almost impossible
especially since it's kind of cold on
the inside but the actual liquid ocean
on the inside is much much much much
much bigger than the one on our own
planet Earth now atmosphere here is also
very similar
the atmosphere is mostly hydrogen helium
and methane which is why their colors
are also kind of similar as well and
usually meeting makes atmosphere a
reddish orangish and even though it
looks blue here it does if you ever look
at it and look at these plants with a
telescope it does look a little bit
reddish orangish due to the presence of
methane that saturn and jupiter don't
really have and so that's pretty much
where the similarities kind of ends and
this is where the differences begin so
we're going to start with the obvious
density neptune is significantly more
dense than than Uranus and that suggests
that the actual core inside Neptune is
probably larger also it might be
possible that Neptune actually has more
iron on each side making it a little bit
more dense than Neptune now let's go to
the solar system simulation just so we
can actually see where these two objects
are actually located as well and how
they behave in relation to each other so
right here on the outskirts here's
Uranus and here is Neptune now you'll
notice that the temperatures are
relatively cold here but very
surprisingly Uranus doesn't actually
seem to have a lot of heat coming from
the inside as a matter of fact this is
like the coldest object in our solar
system
so Uranus seems to be cold on the
outside but also called on the inside
its internal heat is very very very very
low natural on the other hand is
practically the opposite it's actually
producing a very very large amount of
internal heat and actually produces more
heat on the inside then it receives from
the Sun that's somewhere far away there
where is the Sun actually
oh there this there's the Sun thus tiny
tiny bleak object right there so it does
produce a lot of heat on the inside and
that to us may suggest one thing that
suggests that nap should never really
received any major collisions that that
changed its orbit or changed its spin
whereas Uranus did Uranus collided with
something very massive or maybe not as
massive as another ice giant but
possibly as massive as Earth and when it
collided with this object two things
happens and that actually brings us to
our next difference here so first of all
the collision caused Uranus to lose a
lot of its heat because when the object
collides with it so here's earth-like
object colliding with Uranus it's going
to basically release a lot of the heat
from the inside but on the other hand it
also changes its spin and its rotation
and this is really the major difference
between Uranus and Neptune and really
Uranus and everything else in our solar
system
Uranus actually orbits on its side you
can kind of see it's orbiting sideways
so it's literally laying on its back
sort of and if we add the moons to to
Uranus you'll notice that even the
moon's orbit sideways whereas Neptune
and its moons orbit in a more
predictable pattern in the same sort of
plane of orbit as everything else in our
solar system so here is Neptune I
they're a little bit off but not by much
so this is really a very interesting
difference and kind of gives you it
gives us an idea of the past that these
two planets experienced so Uranus
probably received a collision long ago
that not only decrease its internal
temperature but also shifted its to the
site making it orbit in a very peculiar
matter now the next difference actually
does come from the the moves
satellites you'll notice that Neptune
has this very unusual very large moon
known as Triton that orbits against the
flow it goes in an opposite direction to
everything else this object was probably
captured billions of years ago from the
Kuiper belt and was probably a dwarf
planet before when it arrived in action
it probably kicked out a lot of the
other moons which is why napkin actually
currently only has 13 known moons that's
actually not a water all in comparison
to Uranus that has something like 27
known moons and none of them are very
large lot of them are comparable to
Triton the largest moon around Uranus is
ridiculously tiny in comparison to -
Triton so if you look at Miranda it's a
look at Umbriel if you look at titania
which is the largest one here it's only
about 700 89 kilometers in radius
whereas if we goes back to a connection
and if we take a look at Triton we'll
see that
Triton is actually significantly larger
it's 1,300 kilometers in radius
it's practically double in size of
titania which is you can kind of see the
outside of titania right there
so Triton is the reason why not you lost
a lot of its moons that probably were
there before and also is a very peculiar
moon orbiting in a retrograde motion
around Neptune and another really
interesting component that is different
in both of these planets it's actually
invisible here are their rings now we
might be able to create these rings here
by going into the simulation where what
you have a Neptune okay that's actually
have an option it does have Uranus rings
but just not matching rings so Neptune
is well it has three very obvious rings
we might be able to see them if we go
into the napkin simulation here
so there is three rings that you can
maybe see if I remove the trails
although they are so so difficult to see
they're actually right right here
there's this little line that's that's
basically the rings of Neptune they're
really very barely visible but they are
they are definitely there and then
Uranus has its own rings that are a lot
easier to see you can kind of see them
right now because there's this sort of
ring like objects orbiting in this
location and ten of them are actually
quite easy to see and they're a little
bit more narrow compared to other
planetary rings but they're definitely
more pronounced so the rings of Neptune
and the rings of Uranus are also
different suggesting different origins
we don't really exactly know how they
were created but it's possible these
were captured asteroids with different
sort of composition and different
structure that eventually reach the
Roche limit of Uranus and Neptune and
then fell apart creating these unusual
formations and so so far we've
discovered quite a lot of various
differences but I guess one of the major
difference when it comes to external
appearance and also the atmosphere
itself and that probably also relates to
the internal heat we know that Uranus
doesn't really have any major storms on
the surface like one of the most famous
storms in our solar system is the one
that we've recently got to capture
pictures of from and of course the Great
Red Spot of Jupiter that you're about to
see right here so this is the most
famous storm in our solar system many
gas giants have these but Uranus doesn't
really seem to have anything too
spectacular we haven't really seen any
of these on on Uranus Neptune on the
other hand does have what's known as a
great dark spot now I might not be able
to find it here because in this
simulation the actual dark spot might
not be present but we know that Neptune
does have
very very large storm that is similar
sort of in the way it acts on Neptune
that it does on Jupiter but the only
difference is that the Neptune storm
disappears once in a while and reappears
later on Jupiter one actually does the
same but it's very very very slow
timescales so we'll take Jupiter storm
to disappear a lot more than it does an
option so the great dark spot is present
an option probably because of the
internal heat as well but is not present
on Uranus in other words Uranus doesn't
seem to have these great storms that
other gas giants do which is probably
because it's a lot cooler on the inside
so there's a lot less going on in its
atmosphere so oh no and these two ice
giants even though we usually call them
sister planets because they have very
similar compositions there are actually
quite different in many different ways
and one other difference I didn't
mention yet is that when these two
planets were created Neptune was
actually a lot closer to the Sun
original at least then then Uranus it
actually started somewhere here and then
because it interacted with Saturn and
because Saturn is much more massive it
got kicked out to the outside of the
solar system and then probably collided
with a few objects has its orbit
circularized and became the outsider of
the solar system at a distance of about
30 astronomical units and so essentially
these are the major similarities and
major differences between Uranus and
Neptune and I've just placed them again
right here next to each other with all
their moons included and we're going to
possibly experience another collision
because they're too massive to maintain
a stable orbit unless I place them a
little bit farther away from each other
anyway thank you so much for watching
and hopefully you learned something from
this video now you know a little bit
more about the option and Uranus their
moons their similarities their
differences and their atmospheres if
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tomorrow to learn something else fun
education on something you may have not
known before I'll see you guys tomorrow
spaced out and as always bye-bye and
looks like I did place them in a stable
orbit they didn't collide they totally
did not collide this time well maybe
I've created a very interesting binary
planetary system and you can see they're
actually super hot now and that's
because of the tidal effects from
friction they're both experiencing and
causing in one another the temperature
is now 1,200 degrees Celsius