revolution that led to the end of property in Europe and the rise of the currents,
nationalism. And a revolution that was the cause of the emergence of industries and the adoption of the economy, a
wars began for new theories. In the end, it resulted in the explosion of
European coffers with silver and gold. All this rise in Europe was offset by
bankruptcy of an empire that was ruling the world. But she began to breathe her
last. He hit hunger, whether he exhausted the sectors of corruption. European
from all sides, it hit the country that died centuries ago. After declaring the
bankruptcy of the Ottoman Empire came a smart and seasoned young man. He tried everything that the
a force to maintain the Ottoman Empire, but he later discovered
prolong their life, no more. A young man whose name must be mentioned with every mention of the
of the history of Palestine. We must mention it when we come to it. We know him as
Sultan who refused to sell Palestine to the Jews. We know that it was the wall of the
last time in the face of the new greedy. Who did not wait for the end
the sick man whose saliva began to flow for his great wealth. While the
everyone? That Israel began its era with the Balfour Declaration, but before the Balfour Declaration,
many years. There was a firman issued by Sultan Abdul Hamid II,
that it was from here that the story began. So how did Abdul Hamid refuse to sell the land to
directly and on the other hand, he handed it over to the Jews gradually. The man
patient thought . Sultan Abdul Hamid II was born on the twenty-second of
September of the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. And he grew up at the
, in which the Ottoman Empire witnessed a number of reforms to catch up with European
progress . His birth also witnessed many setbacks for the state in
Ottoman Empire. Starting with the crisis in Egypt with Muhammad Ali and ending with the issue, and it
. While the European countries were wondering about the future,
how they would share it among themselves and who would get the lion’s share.
it. Al-Hamid was raised to be a future sultan if her sick leg was available and
his opportunity. And when he became sultan in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
The circumstances were more tragic than the day he was born. Three months before
over the killing of his uncle, Sultan Abdulaziz, so that his brother, Murad V, took his place
did not take three months until he was isolated on the pretext that he was crazy. And here he came to me for
Abd al-Hamid II, the thirty-fourth Sultan of the
Ottoman Empire. But let's go back a bit, a hundred years ago
. An industrial revolution sparked in Britain as a result of
discovery of the steam machine. Soon all of Britain was joined by France,
Germany and later spread throughout Europe. And the countries turned to take
Europeans gradually did, from agricultural to industrial countries that depended on their economy to
to manufacture textiles and steel? This revolution did not come by chance
but was the culmination of the European Renaissance, which began two centuries ago.
witnessed for the first time an organized transportation network and trains roaming the world. It witnessed,
a new phase of trade and export. This revolution was a chemical cause
in the emergence of other industrial booms. In the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty was
Electricity was discovered and electric energy was used in Industry. It appeared that
oil to announce the birth of a new era accompanied by a great boom in foreign
. All of which caused the discovery of new minerals. Thus, Al- Hamid II became a
, the European economy is based on manufacturing and export. While
European countries were searching more for new products to conquer the world with, we
the Ottoman mills were operated by animal power. The
and the waters. The Ottoman economy relied on agriculture only to reject
with money. In addition to agriculture, the Ottomans relied on a tax system that
It is based on imposing a low tax on imports and a high one on the
exporting. In order to ensure that the state's production does not go out to
industries and also ensures the stability of market supply, maintains the price of products.
and not expensive. But this limited vision was met by an Englishman
named Adam Smith. His economic ideas moved Europe into a new era.
, and the ideas of free trade, the open market and trade spread.
international markets . The result that everyone was seeking was achieved. The Ottoman Empire
European coffers of silver and gold at this time that were trying
that the Ottoman Empire would compete with the renaissance of European industry with production,
agricultural and imposing more taxes on people, both of which did not make
even a small difference compared to the returns of industries. With all this failure
economic. People began to fidget with the status quo. Let us witness new
and anti-Ottoman revolutions. In addition to growing greed
colonial. To face all these calamities was the eastern Ottoman Empire
In need of money, she resorted to borrowing and indebtedness to fill
its empty treasury, the results of which were disastrous because of its
Humiliating. In the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, the state announced
Ottoman conditions , practically bankruptcy and its inability to repay debts. And after the
five months from this date, Abdul-Hakam took over, who would face an enemy
movements represented by the Jews who wanted to obtain Palestine at any
cost. Did he work to prevent them from entering, or was his policy a reason for the
of the occupied state of Israel? Abdul Hamid Thani Sultana Abd al-Hamid was
second young sultan? He received the ruling at the age of thirty-four years.
he was accustomed to politics thanks to the education he received. And he enjoyed
with great intelligence and cleverness. He was also a piercing thought aware of everything that was going on
around it cleverly. In addition to being diligent, literary and sensitive. He cares about everything
big and small. But his reign was the outcome of more than four centuries. from the
weakness and asthenia; Which struck all the pillars of the Ottoman Empire. Although
of those who are actively developing education and the army and heading towards industry, but
he realized belatedly. And his fight on multiple fronts made matters worse.
increased the indebtedness and lost more land. So he fought for
Abd al-Hamid II, who was also known as a tyrant on two fronts. The first of
It is working to put down the internal revolutions by all means and methods.
the second front is the external front to repel European ambitions. It was among
these many issues is the growth of Jewish ambitions in Palestine, which
began with Fyodor Herzl and his constant quest to meet the Ottoman
in order to propose to him the establishment of a state for the Jews in Palestine in return for payment
debts from the Ottoman Empire. This was met by Abdul Hamid II with a refusal, which
and a final decision, recording a position at the time, despite the weakness of the state
Abdul Hamid II , but the policies he later adopted towards the Jews
travelers to Palestine, it contradicts what he recorded of the well-known positions he recorded with the
Herzl Jewish immigration to Palestine. Separation of Abdelhamid Palestine from the
administrative Levant began to be administered directly from Istanbul. And any decision
It is taken that there should have been official authorization from the Sublime Porte
to ensure the implementation of the terms and orders to the letter. During those
period to circulate freely in Palestine. Through the protection system that she applied, and
exploded on them. And give them complete equality with Muslims.
and the foreign consuls in Jerusalem were working to protect the Jews in a
privileges they had obtained. Because of the attacks on Jews in
year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one. And their exposure to persecution on
most parts of Europe. The number of Jews in Palestine increased dramatically.
they were given full rights to work and own property. Realize their
Abdul Hamid II, the danger of the increase in the number of Jews. He issued a general decree,
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two prohibiting immigrants from settling in
Palestine, and they could settle in any Ottoman state except Palestine. The condition of
Their number did not exceed one hundred and fifty in one region, and he gave them a lot of
privileges such as becoming Ottoman citizens and exempting them from the
taxes and military service, the Jews were in order to benefit from their money in
investments. But this decree was rejected and protested by the consulates
European. The Ottoman government was forced to overlook this
. In the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-six, treasury firmans were issued
new way. The Jews are allowed to visit Jerusalem for only three months, so they all needed the
from Britain and France, only to find the Ottoman government itself again compelled because the
backtracking. In the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one, issued one
new firman. In which Jews are prohibited from residing in Palestine,
only thirty days. After one year, the period was extended to three months. She was
reach many reports at the time of Abdul Hamid II on The survival of the
in Palestine they are under the protection of the Consulate. And they began in the year one thousand eight hundred
eighty-two until the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine, which increased
The number of Jews in Palestine from five percent to eleven percent is one
entire population? The privileges granted by Abdul Hamid to the Jews were shaped by the
a strong support for them to expand in Palestine under the protection of the consulates. And he was
Abdul Hamid II familiar with the settlement colonies, which
it was to be established in Palestine and the establishment of these colonies coincided with
was dealt with by preventing the Jews from residing for more than three months. Which
making the matter a lot of contradiction, so the issuance of firmans
fermnats with great tolerance. Although the decision to link Palestine directly with
Istanbul and its administrative separation from the Levant was caused by the implementation of the issued
as it is. And follow up on the finer details that occur in Palestine, but what happened, in your
later, was the opposite. By the year one thousand nine hundred and eight he owned
Jews of four hundred thousand acres they set up the sixty - eight colony
agricultural Jews numbered more than fifty thousand. What was the Balfour Declaration is
was announced by the State of Israel, but Israel , the first recorded presence
it had was with the first Ottoman firman in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two. Russia allowed the
them by staying in it while knowing the distant goals of their presence.
firmans, and for a seasoned politician, the majority of historians agreed that he must and that he was
knows that Palestine was going inevitably to the Jews and describes some
his stances with Herzl was to win over the Arabs and Muslims to his side in
that difficult period in the history of the state that he ruled. In addition to
to record the historical position of the Ottoman Empire, which will soon collapse.
Whereas Abdul Hamid II was working during his rule in order to prolong the life of
the Ottoman state, no more, because he knew that the end was inevitably coming.
opinion, did Abdul Hamid II's policies towards the Jews cause the
establishment of the State of Israel and how to explain the contradiction between what he did with Herzl
And between the facilities he provided to the Jews with his complete knowledge of
their distant goals?