Hello everybody my name is Zohir Chowdhury, and right now we'll talk about alpha beta gamma and
x-rays these types of ionizing radiation so there are various types of ionizing radiation alpha beta
gamma x-rays as well as Neutron from fission so in here when we say about radiation we can mention
alpha radiation or alpha particle what comes out from this radiation process beta particle or beta
radiation as well as as well as gamma rays and x-rays or radiation from gamma and radiation from
x-rays so what is alpha particle alpha particle essentially has two neutrons and two protons two
neutrons for example this black wants two protons these white ones for example there is ejected from
the nucleus so as a result the redirected isotopes I set up that is ejecting an alpha particle will
have this four particle less from its nucleus and will be lighter and it is definitely slow-moving a
non penetrating because this is pretty heavy in general with respect to particles on the other
hand beta particles it's much lighter it's a small it's a small Neutron that is turning itself into a
proton and as it turns the neutrons into a proton is it ejects an electron in this process and beta
radiation occurs when the ratio of neutrons to protons in the nucleus is too high in this case
an excess Neutron transforms into a proton and an electron the proton stays in the nucleus and the
electron is ejected energetically beta particle is identical to an electron gamma rays and x-rays are
essentially not similar to alpha and beta it's electromagnetic energy that is released from an
agitated nucleus neutrons from fission which is a less talked thing because neutrons are mostly
released by nuclear fission the splitting of atoms in a nuclear reactor and hence are seldom
encountered outside the core of a nuclear reactor as they are not normally a problem outside nuclear
plants and this process is showing like a neutron being coming in bombarding radioactive isotopes
that's splitting it and then more neutrons are released in this process which can cause a chain
reaction in a nuclear reactor this chart shows the type of ionizing radiation and their penetration
ability alpha as we saw earlier it's a particle that is pretty big and heavy as a result it falls
down pretty fast and also because of its size it's unable to penetrate through a sheet of paper can
be stopped very easily and also the skin of a person can stop alpha particle beta particle
on the other hand can be stopped by a layer of clothing or by a few millimeter of a substance
substance such as aluminum be careful when we talk about clothing even though clothing can act as a
barrier however clothing is still very porous so a beta particle can potentially also harm people
through the pore of the clothing depending on whatever clothing you're wearing skin exposed
skin can be damaged through beta particle as a result you'll experience radiation burn from beta
particle exposure on the other hand gamma rays can be stopped by only several feet of concrete
or a few inches of lead because gamma rays can actually go through our tissue very easily main
sources of alpha radiation are coming from uranium mining waste as well as mining and
other method that processes fertilizer ores usage of alpha radiation is for example radium 226 is
used for treating cancer polonium 210 is used to eliminate static electricity in paper mills
and other industry americium-241 is used to in smoke detectors especially smoke detectors that
two chambers in them it's a seal source top health effects of ionizing radiation typically
it's a problem when you have internal exposure so external exposure which is external to the body
it's a far less concern when it comes to alpha particle because alpha particle doesn't have
enough energy to penetrate through the dead layer of the skin however if alpha particle
goes internally in your body at that time it can cause havoc because the the radiation internally
can start causing serious health health effects alpha radiation can also penetrate if you have
wounds or for example your eyes if you don't have proper eye protection it can cause damage
to your eye and and go inside your body to the wounds inhalation and ingestion are also
concerned with alpha particle so contaminated food can be a problem air that is full of alpha
particle if you're breathing that air and that can also cause problem if you're very near the
source so alpha particle can penetrate the skin causes internal hazard can be stopped
by a piece of paper and it's found in soil radon and other radioactive materials beta
particle main source of beta particles it's mostly medical imaging diagnostic and other
treatment procedure as well as iodine-131 can be used in nuclear reactor as well and as a result of
accidents it can be released into the food chain to the environment and also several industrial
instrument instrument can use beta radiation for its work in terms of users users ionizing 131 it
is used to treat thyroid disorders phosphorus-32 is used in molecular biology and genetic research
strontium 90 is used as a radioactive tracer in medical and agricultural studies and carbon-14
as many of you may know is used for dating organic matter so we can we can understand
how far rakh it's coming how old are rock is by analyzing carbon-14 health effects essentially
inhalation and ingestion both of them are of great concern from an outside perspective if
it gets deposited on your skin tissue it can cause skin burns so that's the main problem as well so
both external internal problem are concern so it can cause keen eye an internal hazard stop I
think piece of plant should see the plastic and naturally occurring but also it occurs in Mad
Men reactors and finally x-rays and gamma-rays as we saw these are the ones that are the most
penetrating they can be stopped by LED as well as thick layer of concrete they have tremendous
users in medicine and they are present in natural soil and also as caused in cosmic radiation let's
do some quick conception and actually we have quite a few this time which of the following
terms can be used to describe an unstable atom a radioactive which type of radiation has the
greatest penetrating power C gamma very good the type of radiation which is only a hazard if it
originates from radioactive material inside the body is alpha be careful how this is worded it's
saying that external it doesn't cause problem but internal yes whereas the other one will cause both
internal and external has a real fat it's mostly an extra internal hazard the question here is
reversed that type of radiation which presents the greatest hazard from radioactive materials
outside the body is gamma the type of radiation which may cause skin burns if it originates
from radioactive material located on the skin for extended period of time is beta thank you