hello youtube this is rj welcome back to another episode of
old man of the woods so we have been wanting to make this video
ever since our water mushrooms can eat series
over the years we found lots of edible mushrooms
but there ain't many that are toxic because
unfortunately or unfortunately i would say
only a small fraction of the mushrooms are poisonous
one thing you need to know about poisonous mushrooms is
that there's no rule of thumb for you to just
recognize them in a snap you have to do it by brute force
have to first identify them then decide whether it is poisonous or not
there's no easy way out with that said there could be some quote
unquote general principles as for what mushrooms
not to eat we will get there when we discuss more
examples specific examples later for now if you really want a quick and
short advice i would say be particularly alert to
those in natural colors white beige light yellow
brown for example remember what they lack in color
they may well make up for in toxicity
another thing is it is completely safe to touch
most of the poisonous mushrooms with your bare hands
the toxins cannot penetrate your skin though it is always a good idea to wash
your hands after handling mushrooms there is one
exception perhaps the asian fire coral mushroom is highly
toxic it is said that even touching it could
cause skin inflammation but even this is highly controversial
right first mushroom of the day the false parasol
chlorophyllum molybdites one of the most commonly misconsumed poisonous mushrooms
why because it is whitish in color looks almost like an albino version of
the portobello mushroom or a gigantic butter mushroom pretty
safe huh in addition these summer mushrooms grow
on lawns not in the woods very readily accessible
so why now grab some free gift from mother nature
wrong don't eat any mushrooms from your backyard
unless you can tell they're edible ones like the shaggy mane
or the meadow mushrooms most of the lawn mushrooms
are not worth eating and many of them are poisonous
the false parasol is also called the vomiter
consuming it will make one vomit have a bad diarrhea
and gut cramps on the stomach these symptoms
will occur within a couple of hours of consumption
so far no one has died from miseating this mushroom
however it may be deadly to dogs and other livestocks
so be careful if you have easy access to this mushroom
your dog might too the false parasol features a long
straight stipe and a white cap on top just like a
parasol but why false you may wonder well
because it has an almost identical twin the person mushroom
macrolabioda procera which is edible and has a pleasant nutty flavor
there are multiple ways to tell the twins apart
and the most straightforward one is to check their gills
the mature false parasol has greenish gray gills
and the parasol has whitish gills this is because the former
yields unique olive green spores while the latter
produces pale pink spores the color of spores does not always match
that of the gills but in this case it does
the false parasol is also called the greensport lapiota
remember here green means poisonous though not always
the second mushroom today is jack-o'-lantern
omphalotus illudens it is a gorgeous orange mushroom that you can expect to
see in mid-fall it grows near tree roots or on stumps
and clusters like a giant bouquet of flowers in full
bloom mis-consuming this mushroom can cause
nausea throwing up abdominal cramping and sometimes
diarrhea it may also affect the liver function
but it won't kill you partly thanks to its vibrant color
people tend to avoid this mushroom we all have heard people saying that
bright colored mushrooms are poisonous right however the jack o' lantern has
multiple delicious lookalikes and all of them are also very bright in
color this alone shows the old wisdom doesn't
always hold if you want to learn more about those
edible lookalikes we have a video on that but for now
let's get back to the check or lantern
this mushroom really lives up to its common name in that
it is pumpkin oranges overall including its cap
gills stem and flesh the flesh may be of a lighter shade yet
it is still orange also beneath its cap there are gills
running down to the stem remember these two features and you
won't be confused with any of this edible lookalikes
because none of the others has the same combination
our third poisonous mushroom is significantly smaller than the first two
it's way less common at least in our area
we've been searching for this mushroom for years but only got to meet it
earlier this summer it is the sulfur tuft mushroom
hypholoma fasciculare this light yellow mushroom is fairly
easy to identify flip the cap you will see light yellow
with olive green hues
yeah the gills has like a greenish hue maybe it's a sulfur tuft it
grows in clusters so that's a typical sign of
sulfur tuft yeah if you remember our first mushroom the false parasol
also has greenish gills because they are tinted by the green
spores but for the sulfur theft the green comes
from the gills themselves and it actually yields dark purple spores
you can see its spore print in this spring do you think it's green or it's
brown it's very hard to tell i think it's
brown the base color of the cap is is yellow so yes
for this reason there are usually dark shades in between the gills
on mature specimens the sulphur tuft does not have much meat plus it is very
bitter so it seems very unlikely that people
would harvest and eat them by accident however these mushrooms usually grow in
very tempting big clusters and their bitterness may be concealed
within a meal so watch out don't get them mixed into
your edible harvest the clinical effect of the sulfur tuft
is mainly gastrointestinal irritation some common symptoms include vomiting
abdominal pain and a diarrhea yet it is not a fatal
mushroom the symptoms will usually resolve within
several hours
the fourth mushroom is the common earthborn mushroom
yes it is a ball-shaped mushroom without a regular cap and stamp
and the spores are stored inside of the ball
the earth ball is pretty hard when young its skin is dark yellow or brown in
color the inner mass is initially white but
will soon turn black as it grows don't get it confused with the edible
puff ball which is firm but puffy and have white flesh
and don't think you stumble on some delicious truffles
when you find some earthborn mushrooms unless you misidentify the earth balls
for some edible mushrooms you are not likely to digest them by
mistake ingestion of this mushroom can cause
gastrointestinal distress as well unlike the first four mushrooms the
mis-consumption of our fifth mushroom galerina marginata
can have disastrous consequences you know this when you learn its common
names deadly galerina the funeral bell and the autumn skull
cap yep you're warned
naturally good deadly gotta write on the ring zone
the toxins found in this mushroom are amatoxins
the lethal dose of which is around 0.1 milligram per kilogram of human body
weight the deadly galrina can cause severe
liver dysfunction and kidney failure in the first day of
ingestion the victim will not display any symptoms
though the toxins are actively working
in the next 24 hours there will be vomiting and bloody diarrhea
then things seem to get better before they get worse
the victim appears to recover but the final stage quickly follows
in which the clotting factors in the blood get destroyed
liver and kidney failure occurs which could lead to death
and all this happens within seven days of consumption
must be
yeah i think it's deadly galerina let's compare it to
the velvet food mushroom both appear in wintertime
and they can resist the cold temperature in our 10 winter edible mushrooms video
we compared deadly galerina to two tasty mushrooms that look like it
the honey and the velvet foot check it out
if you want a step to step identification
beige so it's very easy to identify to differentiate
or stay away from all little brown mushrooms
because first you shouldn't eat any mushrooms you don't know
and little brown mushrooms are notoriously difficult to identify
and second deadly galerina is not the only deadly little brown mushroom
pholiotina rugosa for example grows on pacific northwest
and is also fatal
our sixth and seventh mushroom belong to the same genus
amonita they're the destroying angel and the death cap
very ominous these two mushrooms contain amatoxins
as the deadly galerina so they also can damage the liver
and kidney and sometimes a transplant is required
here sac like vulva the destroying angel which includes Amanita bisporigera in
the east ocreata in the west and the magnivelaris
in conifers is an all-white mushroom take a look at
its structure this is important white cap
beneath which are crowded girls white stem
with a little skirt hanging on it this is called the partial veil
it covers the gills when the mushroom is young
there's also a universal veil that encloses the whole mushroom
at its earliest stage a mushroom egg it once was
when the mushroom cracked the shell and get tall the universal veil
degenerates into a sack-like vulva hugging the base of the stem
you have to dig deep to see it
the death cap amonita feloidus has the exact same structure
but the cap takes on a yellow to greenish color
especially towards the center now
i only saw the death cap once and it was not a very typical
specimen but this photo from wiki will demonstrate the color difference
both mushrooms are fairly common the destroying angel
on eastern america in summer and the death camp
more on west coast in fall they are quite meaty and innocent looking
not a far cry from the common bottom mushroom and strikingly like the asian
straw mushroom therefore the two account for by far the
most deaths due to mushroom poisoning
in fact many members in the amanita family are poisonous
though not mortal such as amanita abrupta
and amanita cokeri so unless you're very familiar with wild mushrooms
you should always keep your guard up and avoid amanita mushrooms
luckily the members in the amanita genus are easy to recognize
they basically share the same color and structure as the destroying angel
with some variations some are darker some have scales on the cap some without
a ring some without a vulva but when you see
anything similar drop it of course you may strike down
some non-american mushrooms like lapioda's
for example but that's actually a good thing because
this leather genus also contains poisonous mushrooms plus
you won't miss anything special
what is quite counterintuitive is that the one choice edible mushroom in the
amanila genus the caesar's mushroom is fire orange in
color so don't judge a mushroom's edibility by
its color if you can't resist the temptation do it
the other way around never trust the innocent looking ones
so all the mushrooms showed in this video are found in pennsylvania
maryland virginia and delaware if you know any common poisonous species
but it's not included this video that must because i haven't got the honor
to meet it i hope you enjoyed today's video
and know better what not to eat there are many toxic
mushrooms that are not covered here like the yellow stainer
fool's funnel false morel deadly webcap and so on and so forth i'm looking
forward to meeting them in the future and introducing them to you as well
until next time future and agent uc
i'm looking forward to
you