the cosmos is full of secrets and
mysteries the deeper we gaze into the
abyss the more questions arise that
modern science cannot yet answer today
we have the honor of meeting two very
very very strange planets although even
calling them planets is a difficult
proposition objects cfb D si R - 149 -
Oh 403 or more casually known as cf 21
this is probably one of the most
incomprehensible things in this known
universe I feel like this one's just for
us and at just the right time
at first this peculiar cosmic body was
taken for a rogue planet meaning a
planet which was somehow gravitationally
ejected from its native system by other
planets or by some passing star it was
found a hundred light-years from Earth
discovered in 2012 by an international
team of astronomers led by one Philippe
Delorme the first studies showed that
its mass is 5 to 9 times the mass of
Jupiter but the planet is hot and it's
not supposed to be but I'm getting ahead
of myself let's do this in the proper
order
in general these orphan planets are a
quite frequent phenomenon in the
universe they are also sometimes placed
in a group of objects known as Planum
O's scientists believe that in fact
there are quite a lot of them and some
of them are much closer to the earth
than this mysterious recluse but they
are extremely difficult to find because
they often have zero luminosity so when
scientists found out that the possible
rogue planet was hot the theory as to
its being a planetary class body came
into question to understand exactly what
kind of game this is you need to turn to
brown dwarfs for help
brown dwarfs are substellar objects that
means smaller than a star which don't
have sufficient mass for a pressure and
temperature in the core to trigger
thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen to
helium like most stars
in order to initiate a thermonuclear
reaction based on hydrogen thanks to
which almost all stars shine you need
something with about 80 times the mass
of Jupiter that's only about 8% of the
mass of our Sun but it's enough but only
about 13 times the mass of Jupiter is
enough to produce a thermonuclear
reaction that confused lithium and
deuterium so brown dwarfs are considered
to be gas objects with a mass of between
13 and 82 Pater's think bigger than a
planet smaller than a star if the
mysterious object c21 weighs less than
13 Jupiter's which it does as far as we
can tell then it will most likely turn
out to be a Jupiter like rogue planet
thrown out of its nest and drifting
unobtrusively not far from us
galactically speaking but wait it gets
more interesting c21 glows in the
infrared meaning it radiates heat into
space a young newly-formed planet is hot
and glowing and it will glow until it
cools and this cooling can last for
millions of years according to the first
observations after the discovery of this
mysterious object it seemed to be moving
with a nearby group of stars called the
a B - Radice moving group scientists
came to this conclusion because of its
apparent proximity to this cluster and
so surely our mysterious object must
have flown from there all these stars
indeed aratus group are very young
appeared around the same time and are in
relative proximity to each other in the
past they could have influenced each
other gravitationally changing the
orbits of the planets of neighboring
stars giving rise to the appearance of
our plan mo that
is if c21 came out of a bead iratus then
it is probably a young planet which
hasn't cooled down yet
however after more detailed observations
with the help of Europe's Very Large
Telescope in Chile the Canada France
Hawaii Telescope the Spitzer Space
Telescope and the use of the parallax
effect which calculates more accurate
distances to faraway objects by taking
measurements when the earth is in
different places in its orbit around the
Sun it turned out that c21 is about 130
light-years from Earth this is somewhat
further than originally thought at first
scientists assume that this little
miracle object was about the same
distance as the star system mentioned
earlier about 75 light-years from Earth
now far from all centers of star
formation this possible planet can't
possibly be young it must be over 500
million years old and if it is a plan
amount it could be possibly exist there
as far as we know planets can only be
formed in the orbit of stars add fifty
five light years away from a bead iratus
if it came from there flying for so long
it would surely have had time to cool
down but this does not necessarily
correspond with reality the temperature
of the mysterious traveler is over 400
degrees and if it is almost two times
farther than we thought that in fact
it's even brighter and if it is brighter
that means it's heavier and according to
refined calculations the mass of the
object is between two and thirteen
masses of Jupiter the upper limit just
allows it to start the most undemanding
thermonuclear reaction on lithium
all the same most likely the mass is
less at about seven Jupiter's what the
heck is going on here
additionally studies have revealed that
it has a high content of heavy elements
all the elements that are not hydrogen
and helium and usually brown dwarfs have
fewer such elements but the presence of
these elements in this case is too
little for a planet so we cannot say
with absolute certainty that this is a
planet but almost all the data leads to
this conclusion more observations are
the only way to get a better
understanding of this strange object
research will continue our understanding
of the universe will grow and knowledge
will increase at this time we don't
understand what it is but sooner or
later mankind will receive an answer to
this question perhaps you my dear
viewers have your own opinion as to what
this strange object is you can write all
your assumptions in the comments I am
looking forward to reading what you have
to say in the meantime let's move on to
the next no less strange and still
unexplained object Celt 11b is a giant
plastic styrofoam planet yes you heard
that right it was discovered just
recently and it's amazing properties
were quite the surprise
this giant exoplanet located 320
light-years from Earth is incredibly
bloated it's 40 percent larger than our
Jupiter but has only about 1/5 its mass
such an impressive size and an extremely
low mass make it similar in density to
styrofoam in reality there's no foam in
the composition of the planet it's just
an analogy this unusual fluffy world has
the third lowest density among all the
exoplanets that we have discovered of
which we have managed to determine the
exact mass and radius I hope it will
shed light on how these mysterious
objects are born and what happens to
them next in their evolution in addition
to the unusual density Celt 11b has
distinguished itself for something else
in a very short time it will disappear
you see the exoplanet revolves around
the super bright star Celt 11 which is
in the process of transitioning into a
red giant
this means that within the context of
the thermonuclear process the star has
begun to burn hydrogen outside its core
according to researchers the outer
layers of the atmosphere of the Celt 11
star will expand over the next 100
million years and eventually the star
will completely absorb the planet Celt
11 b and since our mysterious exoplanet
performs one revolution around its
parent star in just five terrestrial
days this means that it is
extraordinarily close to the star and
hence the absorption will happen quite
soon astronomically speaking but it's
not all that bad due to the fact that
Celt 11 is the brightest of the famous
stars in our southern hemisphere before
its demise this strange foamy world will
be able to tell us much about the
composition of its atmosphere the
transit method of searching for new
exoplanets is one of the most popular
among astronomers due to the passage of
a planet between its parent star and our
telescopes the brightness of the
observed star decreases this indicates
to scientists that an exoplanet can be
in front of the star at that
however the reduction in luminosity of
the super-bright Celt 11 turned out to
be so insignificant that this time
astronomers could not immediately
confirm the existence of the planet
using the kilo degree extremely little
telescope which consists of two robotic
telescopes one in Arizona and the other
in South Africa they work at the same
time in unison as one hold telescope
like giant binoculars the size of the
earth astronomer Joshua pepper of the
University of Pennsylvania said the
discovery was very challenging
the original Celt observations of the
star it's light curve showed only a hint
of the transit a little under 0.3%
change in brightness it was very
difficult to obtain reliable complete
confirmation observations thankfully new
observations confirmed the existence of
the mysterious exoplanet scientists are
now trying in every possible way to
figure out what the secret of Celt 11b
is why is this planet so inflated so
bloated and what generally causes such
extreme density on other exoplanets the
researchers have also taken up further
study of the star hoping to better
understand how such stellar bodies
behave at the end of their life cycle
and of course I'm already eagerly
awaiting the results of these newest
studies in the meantime I'll go make a
couple more insanely interesting
episodes just for you thanks for your
attention and see you soon my dear
friends if you have any ideas for future
episodes please leave them in the
comments below the author of the best
idea will have their name presented in
the video don't forget to put a thumbs
up with my sincere gratitude