>> Hey friends, I'm Scott Hanselman.
>> I'm Stephanie Hurlburt.
>> And it's the Open-Source show.
[MUSIC].
>> I work on C# and open
source .Net at Microsoft and I've been here about 10 years.
>> I am a founder at Binomial,
we work on Open Source Image Compression Solutions.
>> Open Source Image Compression Solutions.
Okay. I have to go and like search for all of those things.
>> Yeah, most people know of JPEG though.
JPEG doesn't work on GPUs.
>> So, GPU is the graphics card, Graphical Processing Unit.
>> That's right, GPUs were invented a while ago to help
images get displayed on the screen, JPEG was invented before that.
So, we are working on getting images up to
modern standards and the web has been
the hardest place to make that transition.
>> Now a GPU is another computer in my computer right?
>> A little bit, yeah. The difference between
the GPU and the CPU is that the GPUs very parallel.
So, it's used in things like AI and
machine learning and also graphics because it can
run a lot of little tasks like
displaying all the pixels on your screen at the same time.
>> The texture is like if I'm walking at
the Castle Wolfenstein and I see a brick,
I assume someone took a picture of a brick and then
like made bricks all over the wall.
>> Exactly. So, a texture in a game could be
one that covers an object wraps around it,
like my face would be a 3D model
and a 2D texture would show my face.
So, there's that application but there's
also just 2D images on websites.
Whenever you're browsing and you
see what's normally a JPEG or a PNG now.
We're working to get those working on the GPU as well.
>> So, you're making a new texture compressor?
>> Exactly. We're working with
open standards and why open source is close to my heart,
we're working with the Khronos Group in this case to make it an
open standard so that anyone can make image compressors,
and replace JPEGs with a modern equivalent.
>> How do you make a company and
do open standards at the same time?
>> It's really interesting balance and one
that I hope a lot more people take to heart.
We have a closed source component,
the compressor and we have
the open standard that anyone can make compressors for.
So, we just provide
one solution it's how we eat and pay the bills,
but we keep the standard open so
anyone can thrive in this ecosystem,
it can live on its own and other people can pick it up.
>> Is that because the business that you're
in which is texture compression includes
both the compression part and
the decompression part and one half of the coin,
one side of the coin can be
free and the other side can be changed.
>> Exactly. So, texture compression is nicely sorted to that.
One part can be open anyone can
compress to that spec and then a part of it can be closed.
But you can also do that.
For instance, games can have a proprietary bit of
the game and then release like an API.
>> Okay. So, the standard is the goal,
so it's like make the Kessel Run and then if
you can make it in less than 12 parsecs that's on you-
>> It's all about trade offs.
For example, we're not real-time compression.
We aimed for the smallest image possible.
Others might look for compressing it in the fastest amount of
time. That's not what we do.
We welcome other people to make solutions.
>> I see, and each of those to the spec,
so there's room for everyone to play.
>> There's room for everybody.
So, it's through the Khronos group
is through an initiative called glTF,
and we're actually actively inviting
people to help us make that open standard.
>> It's just a thing where I need to know a lot of
math like your background is in math.
You have degrees in math.
>> To make the compressor it does require some math knowledge,
but you can work on all kinds of things around it,
you can build tools for the ecosystem.
They don't require math,
they just require knowing the existing pipelines.
For instance, getting it into modern engines or web browsers.
>> So, as far as I got in math was
like the thing that looks like a giant E means like sum,
which is about as far as I got.
>> Oddly enough, a lot of math in graphics
and image compression isn't that advanced,
its linear algebra, you don't need a PhD to know linear algebra,
you can take undergrad college course
and have all the math you need.
>> So, it's Khan Academy level math.
I can learn that and teach myself with OpenCourseWare.
>> The key is just looking at papers - from SIGGRAPH
is a good example, from graphics conferences,
seeing what the cutting edge algorithms are and trying to learn
from that and you can honestly get up to speed and teach yourself.
>> Seriously. Even though this initially seems like deeply
scary I could go and learn some of
this stuff and get involved and read the spec myself.
>> You absolutely can,
and the math is just a small part of it a lot of it is
optimizing it for certain CPUs
or certain computer science concepts,
so it's a lot more than just math.
>> So it's cool and that's what you're working on day-to-day.
>> What about you? What are you up to these days?
>> Well, one of the things that I'm excited about,
I'm not doing it by myself.
It's a part of a larger community effort is
an Open Source Artificial Pancreas.
>> That's incredible.
>> So, I'm a Type 1 diabetic.
That means that my body doesn't produce any insulin at all.
I've been that way since I was 20,
so I'm going to pull stuff out of my pocket here.
I've got an insulin pump.
>> Wow.
>> That is plugged into my body 24/7,
this is actually the tube and the insulin is in there,
and a screwdriver turns and then moves
that plunger which then delivers the insulin.
I keep that under my pillow and I make
sure that I don't rotate twice in the wrong direction.
Surprisingly, after many many years you learn not to do that.
If you rotate one, you've got to rotate back the other way,
so you don't get tangled up in your tubes.
But this is a very, very old insulin pump and there's
no open specification for how to talk
to it and it's pre-Bluetooth.
This existed before Bluetooth.
This uses radio frequency,
sub 1 gigahertz around
916 megahertz radio-frequency similar to a garage door opener.
>> How did you hear about this?
>> Well, the insulin pumps or something that
lots of diabetics use and
this is basically the 'write' not the 'read'. it's the 'write'.
I can deliver insulin, [MUSIC]
and then send it down. I cancelled that.
This doesn't know my blood sugar.
So, there's a loop that I have to close,
I have to check my blood sugar and figure out what my blood sugar is.
So, this is the 'write' but no 'read'.
I've got a sensor plugged in here.
It's actually a Bluetooth device plugged into my belly right here
and I can go on my phone and show my blood sugar.
>> Wow.
>> That's my blood sugar and you can see
tacos and now it's coming back down
so it's a little bit high during lunch and it's
coming back down into the normal range.
>> That's fascinating.
>> This is the 'read' - so this is
one company - and this is the 'write' - different company,
and the loop is me looking at my blood sugar,
thinking about what I should do,
and then making a decision.
>> Got it.
>> If I can close that loop,
maybe I would not have to think about it.
>> Right. Is this
an open source project anyone can contribute too?
>> There's actually two competing but collaborating
open-source artificial pancreas and
possibly another three or four coming up.
>> I see.
>> So, what a number of people and this is
a whole community of people have done,
is they've made a bridge.
This is a - remember - a non-Bluetooth enabled pump,
this is a radio frequency to
Bluetooth bridge with a GPS tracker
on top with open-source hardware,
and open source software inside of a 3D printed case
it's called a Riley link,
R-I-L-E-Y, that makes this
15-year-old insulin pump now Bluetooth-addressable.
>> That is fascinating.
>> Brings up a really interesting thing.
The great thing about open source is that if you want to get
involved you can look at Night Scout at nightscout.info,
you can look at Open APS at openaps.org,
which is a group started by a woman named Dana Lewis,
who is a Seattlite - talk to her, she's great,
and Loop or LoopKit, which is
the tool that I'm running you can go and Google for LoopKit.
So, there's a lot of really cool stuff happening in
the health world right
now and that's kind of what I'm excited about.
>> I love that.
>> Yeah. We're doing all kinds of
great stuff on Open Source around Microsoft.
Check out, opensource.microsoft.com.
Be sure to subscribe on the subscribe button here on YouTube.
>> Absolutely. If you want to learn more check out
binomial.info for the work I'm doing.
If you want to try our compressor,
you can you can talk to us that way,
glTF is the open source initiative.
There are links in the description that
can get you even more resources.
>> Have a great day.
>> Have a good one.
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