So, we will be doing compulsion and obligation today.
There are various degrees of compulsion and obligation, so to express those different
degrees, different auxiliaries are used with the other main verbs or the infinitives.
So, in Hindi, there are three auxiliaries or ways to express the compulsion and obligation,
that are चाहिये, होना, and पड़ना.
If we translate them into English, चाहिये will be "should", so this will be "should",
or... or it could be, "ought to", depending on the sentence.
It could also be "need".
And होना is "have to".
पड़ना is the expression...
The equivalent expression of पड़ना in English could be "must".
Okay.
Now, let's look at the examples, how they are used in different sentences where the
compulsion, the degree of compulsion is different.
So, let's see, the sentence in Hindi is: तुमको हिंदी सीखनी चाहिये,
"You should learn Hindi".
तुमको हिंदी सीखनी चाहिये.
तुमको हिंदी सीखनी होगी, "You will have to learn Hindi".
तुमको हिंदी सीखनी पड़ी, this is past, right, "You had
to learn Hindi".
So, "have to" and "had".
Now, the thing is, पड़ना in Hindi, has a different degree of compulsion, but
at the same time if you translate these two sentences in English, it is just a matter
of tense, otherwise they are the same.
I mean, I don't translate this as "must", it's just like, तुमको हिंदी
सीखनी पड़ी, "You had to learn Hindi".
तुमको हिंदी सीखनी होगी, "You will have to learn Hindi".
Alright, now: कल मुझे बाज़ार जाना चाहिये, "I should
go to the market tomorrow".
कल मुझे गाड़ी चलानी होगी, "I will have to drive tomorrow".
कल मुझे खाना बनाना पड़ा, "I had to cook yesterday".
This is past tense, that's why it's "had to", while कल is for "tomorrow" in these two
sentences, in this one it's for "yesterday".
मुझे सोना चाहिये, "I should sleep".
मुझे पढ़ना होगा, "I will have to study".
मुझे रोज़ काम करना पड़ता है, "I have to work every
day".
उसे भारत जाना चाहिये, "He should go to India".
उसे अंग्रेज़ी सीखनी पड़ी, "He had to learn English".
उसे सामान ख़रीदना होगा, "He will have to buy things".
Now, तुम्हें हिंदी सीखनी चाहिये, तुमको
हिंदी सीखनी चाहिये, this is the same sentence, just the words
तुमको and तुम्हें, these are different, but the sentence is same,
and these are interchangeable words.
So now, this means "You should learn Hindi", maybe now or in future.
Now, remember I said चाहिये is also used for "ought to" expression in English,
so if the sentence is तुम्हें अपने माता-पिता का
आदर करना चाहिये, "You should respect your parents" or "You
ought to respect your parents".