The lesson today is about verbs in Farsi. In one categorization, there are
two types of verbs in Farsi. Simple verb and compound verb. Simple verb is a verb
that has just one word, for example "رفتن", to go, or "دیدن",
to see, "کردن", to do, or "شدن", to become. And then you can conjugate it:
When you want to conjugate it, you start from the first person:
رفتم، رفتی، رفت. رفتیم، رفتید رفتند. دیدم، دیدی، دید. دیدیم، دیدید، دیدند.
and to negate them, you just need to put a "ن" in the beginning. If it's
past tense, where you pronounce it "na": نرفتن، ندیدن، نکردن، نشدن.
And in present tense, you need to conjugate it and pronounce
the negation as "ne," which later we will talk about. Now the more
complicated one is the compound verb. In Farsi, compound verb is a verb that is a
combination of a verbal part and a nonverbal element. The nonverbal element
is either a noun or an adjective or a preposition. So let's start with a
nonverbal part that is a noun. So it's the verb
and a noun. So let's look at some examples. For example, you have the
word "پا". It means foot, and the verbal part "شدن".
It means to stand up, and when you want to conjugate that you, you
conjugate the verbal part. So you say "پاشدن", the first person is "پاشدم".
Then you conjugate it:
پا شدم، پا شدی، پا شد. پا شدیم، پا شدید، پا شدند.
To stand up. Another example: "ازدواج کردن".
which is "to get married." Like the other one, when you want
to conjugate it, you just conjugate the verbal element:
ازدواج کردم، ازدواج کردی، ازدواج کرد. ازدواج کردیم، ازدواج کردید، ازدواج کردند.
And to negate, you just you put the "ن" in the beginning:
پا نشدم، پا نشدی، پا نشد. ازدواج نکردم.، ازدواج نکردی، ازدواج نکرد.
That was the first type of compound verb, and a noun and a verb.
So the other one is the
combination of an adjective and a verb. Let's look at some examples, like
the very famous adjective "خوب". It means fine, good. And have "خوب شدن".
It means to improve. Then like the other one, you conjugate it:
خوب شدم، خوب شدی، خوب شد. خوب شدیم، خوب شدید، خوب شدند.
So I improve, you improve, and he or she
improves. And another example: کوتاه آمدن.
"کوتاه" means short, "آمدن" means
to come. But the combination means to compromise. When you
want to conjugate it:
کوتاه آمدمد، کوتاه آمدی، کوتاه آمد. کوتاه آمدیم، کتاه آمدید، کوتاه آمدند.
And to negate it, again
putting "ن" at the beginning of the verbal element, not the noun, or the
adjective part. So "کوتاه نیامدم".
That was the noun+verb. This was the adjective+verb.
And the third one is a preposition and a verb. So for example, we have
the preposition "بر". It means "on." When you put "گشتن",
means to wander, or to go around something. The combination of the
preposition and the verb together means "to return." So then you
conjugate it.
برگشتم، برگشتی، برگشت. برگشتیم، برگشتید، برگشتند.
And another example: باز کردن
"باز" means open and "کردن" means to do.
So "باز کردن " means "to open." That is
close actually to the meaning of both elements. So you conjugate it:
باز کردم، باز کردی، باز کرد. باز کردیم، باز کردید، باز کردند.
As you have paid attention, I'm just conjugating the past tense. You
can conjugate in the present tense. So for example:
باز می کنم، باز می کنی، باز می کند. باز می کنیم. باز می کنید، باز می کنند.
Like past tense.
To negate it, you just negate the verbal part. Another example:
For example, "باز داشتن", means
to prevent.
باز داشتم، بازداشتی، بازداشت. باز داشتیم، باز داشتید، باز داشتند.
So as we talked, a
compound verb is a verb that is combined of a noun and a verb, an adjective and a
verb, and a preposition and a verb. And the conjugation always is to conjugate the
verbal element. And to negate is to negate their verbal element, not the noun,
adjective or preposition. Just one more point is that there are some verbs that
are used in compound verbs more than others, much more. And
these two are "شدن" and "کردن". "شدن" means to become, and it's used in a
compound verb a lot. Also "کردن". For example, here we had "باز کردن",
and "ازدواج کردن." You can say "صحبت کردن", it means to talk. "کار کردن", to work, and
many others.