- [Voiceover] Naoya read a book cover to cover
in a single session, at a rate of 55 pages per hour.
55 pages per hour.
After reading for four hours, after reading for four hours,
he had 330 pages left to read.
How long is the book in pages and how long
did it take Naoya to read the entire book?
Well there's a bunch of ways that we could approach this.
Like always, pause the video and try to figure it out.
But I will go with one way first, and then maybe
I'll tackle it another way.
So one way is, let's just set up a little table here.
And on one column, let's think about,
let's think about how long Naoya has read
in hours, so we'll just call that "time."
"T" for time in hours.
This is how long he has read, and in this column,
this is how much he has left to read.
So let's just write that "L," left to read.
And then this is going to be given in pages.
This is going to be given in pages.
So lets see, we don't know at zero hours,
we don't know how many pages he has left to read,
at, if we knew that, at zero hours, before he's read,
the pages left to read, that's gonna be the entire book.
So that would answer this question, "How long is the book?"
So this is gonna be interesting.
We don't know what happens at one hour,
after two hours, after three hours.
But they do tell us, that after reading for four hours,
after reading for four hours, he had 330 pages
left to read.
So after four hours, he had 330 pages,
330 pages left to read.
So, based on this, and the fact that
he's reading at 55 pages per hour,
can we back up to figure out all of this?
Well remember, every hour that goes by,
every hour that goes by, he has read 55 pages.
So if he's read 55 pages, remember this 330,
this isn't how many pages he's read,
this is how many he has left to read.
So after every hour he has 55 fewer pages to read.
So at three hours, he should have 55 more pages to read.
So this should be, at three hours, 330 plus 55
would be 385.
Now let's see whether this makes sense.
So when our change in time, this triangle
is just the Greek letter Delta, means "change in."
When our change in time is plus one, plus one hour,
our change in pages left to read is going to be
equal to negative 55 pages.
And that makes sense, the pages left to read
goes down every hour.
We're measuring not how much he's read,
we're measuring how much he has left to read.
So that should go down by 55 pages every hour.
Or if we were to go backwards through time,
it should go up.
So at two hours he should have 55 more pages to read.
So what's 385 plus 55?
We'll let's see, 385 plus 5 is 390, plus 50 is 440.
So he'd have 440 pages, and all I did is I added 55.
And then, after reading for one hour,
he would have 55 more pages than after
reading for two hours.
So 440 plus 55 is 495.
And then before he started reading,
or right when he started reading,
he would have had to read even 55 more pages,
'cause after one hour, he would have read those 55 pages.
So 495 plus 55 is going to be, let's see,
it's gonna be, add 5, you get to 500
plus another 50 is 550 pages.
So at time equals zero had had 550 pages to read.
So that's how long the book is.
But how long does it take Naoya to read the entire book?
Well we could keep going.
We could say, "Okay, at the fifth hour,
"this thing's gonna go down by 55."
So let's see, if this goes down by 50,
if this goes down by 50, we're going to get to 280,
but then you go down five more, it's
gonna go to 275, and we could keep going
on and on and on.
Or we could just say, "Look."
"He's got 330 pages left to read, and he's gonna,"
Let's see, let me write this, let me write the units down.
"Pages, and he's reading at a rate of 55 pages per hour,
"pages per hour, this is the same thing,
"this is going to be equal to 330 pages
"times one over 55 hours per page."
I'm dividing by something, the same thing as
multiplying by its reciprocal, so 55 pages
per hours, if you divide by that,
that's the same thing as multiplying by
1/55th of an hour per page, is one way to think about it.
And so what do you get?
The pages cancel out, pages divided by pages,
and you have 330 divided by 55 hours.
330 divided by 55 hours.
And what's that going to be?
Let's see, 30 divided by 5 is 6,
300 divided by 50 is 6, so this is going to be
equal to 6 hours.
Now we have to be very careful, you might want
to write six hours here, but this is
six hours after this point.
Six hours after that point.
So in total, it's going to take him ten hours.
At four hours, he had 330 pages left to read
and then there was six more hours to
finish those 330 pages.
So it's gonna take a total of ten hours.
And we could also see if this makes sense.
If he reads 550 pages in ten hours,
in ten hours, what's his rate of reading?
Well, 550 divided by 10, that's gonna be
the same thing as 55 pages per hour.
Which is consistent with what we just read,
that he reads at 55 pages per hour.
Now another way that you could have tackled this,
you could say, "Hey, this in gonna be
"a linear equation!"
If you're well versed with your linear equations
you could say, "Look, he's reading at a constant rate."
And if we're talking about, let's say,
let me just set up a function here,
we could say left to read, as a function of time,
is going to be equal to, he's reading at a rate of
55 pages per hour, so the amount he's left to read
is gonna go down by 55 pages per hour.
So it's gonna go down 55, 55 pages every hour.
So you could write it like that, plus it's
whatever the initial number of pages were.
Plus whatever the initial number of pages were.
And then you could use this information
right over here to solve for b.
We know that when time is equal to four hours,
we know that when, let me do it in that color.
We know that when time is equal to four hours,
that the pages left to read are 330.
Pages left to read are 330, and so you get
330 is equal to, let's see, negative 55 times 4 is
negative 220.
Negative 220 plus,
negative 220 plus b,
plus b, and then if you add 220 to both sides,
220, add 220, to both sides, you're going to
be left with, on this side, you're gonna get
550 is equal to, these cancel out, they add up to zero,
is equal to b.
And so the function that describes how much
he has left to read, the amount he has left
to read is a function of time, is, well he's
reading 55 pages per hour, so the amount
he has left to read's gonna go down every hour,
that's why we have that negative there.
So the negative 55 pages per hour,
times the number of hours, plus 550.
So if someone said, "Well how long is the book?"
Well that's going to be L of zero.
That's going to be how many pages
he has left to read at time zero.
And we see that L of zero is going to be 550.
When T is equal to zero, let me write this down,
L of zero is going to be equal to 550.
When T is equal to zero, this term goes away
and you just have 550 pages.
And, just like that, we could have answered
this question.
And then you could say, "Well look, if the book
"is 550 pages, and if he's reading at 55 pages per hour,
"how many hours is it gonna take?"
Well 550 pages divided by 55 pages per hour
is going to get you 10 hours.
And we could have done that here actually,
now that I think about it.
Instead of saying 330 pages divided by 55 pages
per hour, and say ,"Hey, that's gonna take us
"six more hours from this point."
We already knew this, and we could have said,
"Look, if we have 550 pages to read,
"and we're reading at 55 pages per hour,
"it's gonna take us ten hours."
So you see, there's a ton of different ways
to solve these problems.
And they're all really, at the end of the day,
representing the same thing.
That's what's neat about mathematics.
They're just ways of representing how to
think about things, and at the end of the day
we're really just thinking about the same problem,
just representing it with different ways
and different symbols.