The stereotypical Asian eye - the ones that are small, slanted and often with a monolid.
These can only be seen in Asians.
(Wrong!)
Ok, not exactly true.
Just like how there are Asian people who have larger, non-squinty eyes
there also exist white people or black people who do have these squinty Asiatic eyes.
But just how common is it among non-Asian people, and why do they even have it?
In this video, I'll get into the different countries and ethnic groups from all over the world
that you may not expect to have this characteristic
as well as examples from some well-known faces.
First, let's start at ground zero.
Let's start in East Asia where these stereotypical Asian eyes are at its highest frequency.
A big reason why these eyes appear this way, is due to a skin fold, on the edge
of the upper eyelid that extends to the inner corner of the eye.
This is called the epicanthic fold.
Up to 90% of East Asians have this to varying degrees, but for non-Asians
this occurs only 2 to 5% of the time.
It is these individuals who are often cited as having 'Asian-looking eyes'
despite not being Asian at all.
By the way, having epicanthic folds doesn't necessarily mean you have a monolid.
Actually I've already covered all this in a previous video where I break down the different
characteristics of Asian eyes.
If you want to check that out, the link is in the description below.
Now, along with the epicanthic fold, individuals may also have flatter nose bridges,
minimal brow ridges, and wider cheekbones.
Some may not have all of these traits, or not to the same degree,
but they tend to reinforce each other visually, to create that distinctive East Asian look
whether you're Asian or not.
As you get further away from East Asia, naturally these characteristics are less common.
Which is why it may be surprising when so called 'Asian eyes' pop up far away
in unexpected populations.
We'll divide these instances into five very different groups
with each one being more unexpected than the last.
Starting with the first one, we have the Polynesians.
Polynesia is a subregion of Oceania made up of over 1,000 islands
scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean.
The indigenous people who inhabit these islands are called Polynesians.
So that includes the native people of Samoa, Tonga, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Zealand,
and more.
Here are examples of Polynesians who exhibit some form of East Asiatic eyes.
Not all Polynesians have these eyes, but given the distance from East Asia
they do pop up more frequently than some might expect.
Even The Rock, who is only half Samoan, has a faint epicanthic fold.
Now you might be thinking it's not particularly surprising that some Polynesians have this,
seeing as thousands of years ago, the then uninhabited Polynesian islands
were settled by seafarers who originated from East Asia, but...
You would expect the further away you get from East Asia, the less common it would be.
This is the route they took starting from Southwestern China about 8,000 years ago.
Heading over to Taiwan first - this is where the Taiwanese aboriginals came from
They made there way to the Philippines, Eastern Indonesia, through Melanesia, and finally Polynesia.
This all took place over thousands of years.
What seems odd is this.
Polynesians have a much higher frequency of these eyes, than Melanesians
even though they passed through that region on their way to Polynesia.
This is confirmed by DNA analysis, with Polynesians having a strong genetic link to East Asians,
but not much at all with Melanesians.
Turns out, most Melanesian people, just like the Aboriginals of Australia
came to the region much earlier, through a very different human migratory route
and have therefore evolved quite distinctively from East Asians and Polynesians.
Add to that the Polynesian ancestors that passed through Melanesia did so fairly quick,
with only limited contact with the natives.
Now, onto the next group of people. We have the Indigenous Americans.
These are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas.
North, Central and South America.
Aside from East and Southeast Asians, it is the Indigenous Americans
who have the highest frequency of epicanthic folds in the world.
The reason for this goes back 20,000 years ago, during the last ice age
or I'll say the last glacial maximum.
The sea levels were a lot lower, resulting in a land bridge spanning the Bering Strait
that connected Northeast Asia with Northwest North America.
This allowed people from Siberia to cross over to Alaska;
then eventually Canada and beyond.
These are the ancestors of today's indigenous people and are the reason for any shared characteristics.
It does seem as though the further North you go, the more likely it is for the native populations
and tribes to have these Asiatic features.
And this is connected to the fact that this wasn't the only migration wave from Asia.
There was a second more recent wave, which resulted in the ancestors of today's Inuit people
as well as several other North American indigenous groups.
Today, they live primarily in the Arctic regions of Alaska, Canada and Greenland.
Since these communities came later on
having spent more time adapting biologically to East Asian conditions
before crossing over to the Americas
they tend to end up looking more East Asian than their southern counterparts.
Ok, now let's talk about white people.
The next one is Eastern Europeans.
The typical European eye tends to be larger, more horizontal or even downturned
and with multiple lids.
With no epicanthic fold, the inner corner of the eye is fully exposed
this is generally hidden for individuals with heavy epicanthic folds.
It's perhaps not too surprising that there are people from countries or regions like
Western Russia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria
that can have more Asiatic features, due to the proximity to Asia.
These Eastern European nations have historically been in contact with various
Central and East Asian peoples through war and conquest.
Likewise, you can find many people from Western Asia, and actually Northern and Central Asia as well
looking like this, this or this.
In the 13th century, there was a huge influx of East Asian DNA into Europe in the form of the Mongol Army.
In fact, Genghis Khan - actually pronounced Chingis Khan
founder and great ruler of the Mongol Empire
is considered to be one of the most prolific men in human history,
with over 16 million individuals worldwide being able to claim a genetic link to his line
That's 0.5% of the world's male population.
So perhaps the next unexpected group can also be largely explained by the Mongol invasions.
Or can it?
This is the one that most people have been asking me about, the Northern Europeans.
You might have noticed East Asian eyes - or some variant of it - popping up in places like
Norway, Sweden, Finland and Northwest Russia.
People in Ireland and Scotland have also been found to have these traits.
Actually we can broadly say once again, that the further North you go,
the more Asiatic the eyes can get.
Certainly down south near the Mediterranean they appear much larger.
Although just to be clear I'm not claiming that it is rampant in Northern Europe.
Over there, it's still often considered quite unique and distinctive, though depending on the region.
There are many professional Scandinavian models with this combination of classic Northern European traits
with Asiatic eyes.
There are also well-known celebrities like Emma Stone, Michelle Williams and Renee Zellweger
all with nordic ancestry.
Although it's quite sad to see Renee Zellweger rid herself of those distinctive eyes in favour
of the more traditional European set.
Personally, I thought she looked much better before, but anyway.
You may have noticed that some of the last few examples differ from the classic epicanthic fold look.
Their eyes appear more hooded, with a somewhat swollen excess of skin
hanging from areas closer to the brow.
I know the way I just described that didn't sound all that attractive, but far from it,
they can look very appealing.
These are called 'hooded eyes', and while they are not so common among East Asian people,
they do seem related to epicanthic folds in a genetic and evolutionary sense,
but more on that later.
Now back to the Mongol Empire - could this be the explanation for the Northern European countries?
The Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, C-M217 is found at high frequencies among Mongolians
and many indigenous Far East populations.
Here's a distribution map of the spread of the C-M217.
Here, we can see how it's very-well possible for people from Eastern European countries
to exhibit these features - to have this sort of genetic variance.
By the way this right here, is somewhat typical of eastern European populations.
That approximate 2% for Northeast Asian DNA is enough to result in the occasional epicanthic folds.
But this spread does not explain what we see in the Northern European countries where
Northeast Asian DNA is actually higher than 2%.
Take Finland for example.
At 7%, Finns have the highest percentage of East Asian genes of any European population.
Interestingly enough, they also have the highest percentage of blonde-haired blue eyed individuals.
So how did this East Asian DNA get into the population?
Well, it was likely through the reindeer herding indigenous people of Scandinavia called
the Sámi people
They have inhabited the Arctic regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia
for at least 5,000 years.
The genetic lineage of the Sámi is quite unique and shows
that they are descended from multiple populations at various times, including European and Asian ancestry.
About 19,000 years ago, their Asian ancestors migrated in a counter-clockwise path from
Southeast Asia, to China and Mongolia.
Then about 11,000 years ago they followed the receding glaciers westerly
to Northern Europe as new land opened up for settlement.
This explains what we see in their features today.
Moving on to the British Isles.
People have noted somewhat Asiatic eyes in some English, Scottish and especially Irish people.
Remember, having these eyes alone won't always give that satisfactory East Asian look.
It's often a variety of traits - which I've already mentioned
that tend to reinforce each other visually.
Most of these examples only have it in the eyes.
And some much stronger than others.
Now, you'll see that epicanthic folds are often paired with hooded lids
although they can appear separately as well.
Take a look at Jennifer Lawrence who is of English, Scottish and Irish ancestry.
She has the hooded eyes, as well as what looks to be a faint epicanthic fold.
Then there's JFK - who's mostly of Irish descent.
He has a version of the epicanthic fold that reaches the outer corner of the eye.
This tends to be pretty common for non-Asian epicanthic folds.
East Asians have the ones that reach the inner corner of the eye.
There are also reported cases way out in Iceland.
Björk is the best example of that.
She claims to be 100% Icelandic, but then look at those heavy epicanthic folds.
Unlike the other groups I've mentioned, Britain, Ireland and Iceland are a lot more difficult to explain
Certainly there isn't enough genetic evidence to conclude one way or another.
Some have said though, that the Celtic forefathers of the region developed the eye folds after
mingling with people in parts of Asia near the Caucasus Mountains
before beginning their migration westward.
Ireland and Britain's remote geographical position in comparison to the rest of Europe
meant that the gene-pool thereafter, would have been less susceptible to change.
Or perhaps you can thank the Vikings for it.
Maybe these Nordic seafarers - having interbred with the Sámi people up North
brought over this trait, when they established the Kingdoms in Scotland,
and cities such as Belfast and Dublin in Ireland a thousand years ago.
The recorded history of Iceland also began with the settlement of Viking explorers and their slaves
Their activities extended as far Greenland and the North American coastline, which leads to another theory
that Vikings who came in contact with the Indigenous American tribes like the Inuits,
brought their DNA back with them when they returned home.
Ok, so that was Europe and now onto the final group. Southern Africans.
This one's particularly unexpected because of the distance from East Asia.
Let's look at Madagascar first.
Here, there are the Malagasy People who make up over 90% of the population.
They have a high frequency of epicanthic folds
and as you can see here
the Northeast and Southeast Asian DNA is of a significant amount.
But how could this be?
Remember those ancient East Asians who crossed over to Taiwan 8000 years ago
before making their way to Polynesia?
Well, they had related groups that branched off midway, from Indonesia
in a quest to explore the Indian Ocean.
Eventually they ended up all the way in Madagascar by 500AD, and have remained there ever since.
Moving on over to the African mainland however, things aren't as easily explained.
There are the Nilotic people - indigenous to the Nile Valley
living in countries like South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.
They have been known to exhibit epicanthic folds
but it's often the Khoisan people in and around the Kalahari Desert in South Africa, Namibia and Botswana
who are the most famous examples of 'Africans with 'Asian eyes'.
Although perhaps we shouldn't really say that since there is in fact no relation to East Asians
if we look at their genetic markers.
This is unlike any of our previous examples.
The Khoisan represent a population historically - and on many levels - genetically distinct
from even other Africans.
They possess some of the oldest DNA lineages out there, and may have been one of the first
populations to differentiate from the most recent common paternal ancestor of all humans today
So East Asian DNA isn't the reason for their eyes.
It's something else.
To understand why they still developed these features, we have to step back
back to the evolutionary origins of the so-called Asian Eye.
How did many East Asian people evolve to seemingly have smaller and slanted eyes in the first place?
What caused epicanthic folds?
And could this give us insight into how some Southern Africans
with no migratory and genetic connection to East Asia, developed the same set of traits?
I will be answering this in a future video so make sure you're subscribed to get that.
But if you want to find out what kind of Asian eyes you have, grab a mirror
and click the video on top
otherwise click the one below if you prefer something else.
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