Snake soup (Chinese: 蛇羹; pinyin: shé gēng) is a popular Cantonese delicacy and
health supplement in Hong Kong, which contains the meats of at least two types of snakes
as the main ingredients.
The soup tastes slightly sweet because of the addition of chrysanthemum leaves and spices,
while the snake meat in the soup is said to resemble the texture and taste of chicken
meat.
Snake soup is usually served in specialised stores known as "Snake King" or "Shea Wang"
(literal meaning: an expert in cooking snakes), mostly located in Shum Shui Po and Kowloon
City, in fall or winter season for approximately $60 HKD ($7.75 USD) per bowl.
Originated centuries ago during the Era of Warring States, snake soup has been lauded
in Chinese culture for its alleged medicinal benefits and high nutritional value.
However, there are concerns in recent years that the snake soup industry in Hong Kong
is on the decline because soup makers have few people to pass on their skills.
== Historical background == Snake soup has been considered a delicacy
in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.
Pre-Qin's Shanhaijing recorded that inhabitants in Guangdong province started to consume snake
soups; and the eating culture was widely popularised in China at the end of Qing Dynasty.
Snake soup was regarded as a “high-status” dish because of its varied ingredients and
complicated preparation, it was the symbol of wealth, bravery and respect; and was only
served to certain officials and celebrities.
“Snake King Lam” was the first store specialising in selling snake soup in Hong Kong, which
was set up on Bonham Street 110 years ago, but has relocated to Hillier Street in the
same district.
The snake-soup industry reached its golden period in the 1980s when there were over 100
eateries that prepared snake soup.
Some stores in Hong Kong even had to open new branches to cope with the high demand.Nowadays,
the number of stores specialising in snake-soup has dropped down to 20 because of food price
inflation and soaring rent.
More importantly, it is also difficult for snake-soup makers to find successors.
Fewer people enter the profession because of perceived hardship, danger and difficulty
involved in the process, which requires frequent contact with venomous snakes.
Moreover, severe supply problems caused by bureaucracy involved in snake importation
are matched by the erratic pattern of demand from customers.
== Preparation == Typical snake soup recipe calls for at least
two types of snakes whose flesh is shredded into thread-like wires, boiled with chicken,
pork bone, lean meat, fish maw, fungus, ginger, lemon leaves and other spices for flavour.
The mixture is stewed for over six hours to turn into a thick soup, seasoned with salt
pepper and dark soy to taste.
Most importantly, a thickener, typically corn starch or water caltrop paste, is added, making
it a thick soup ("羹") with a transparent appearance, rather than broth ("湯").
More elaborate snake soup preparations involve additional ingredients such as pork chops,
and herbs and spices, including star anise.
The breed of snake used in cooking varies from place to place but water snake and python
snake are popular choices.
Chinese cobra, Banded krait, Indo-Chinese Rat Snake, Tri-rope beauty snake and Hundred-pace
viper are commonly used in snake soups.
At many restaurants that serve snake soups, customers are able to choose, according to
their preference, live snakes to be prepared.
== Taste == Snake meat is light pink in color.
On a par with fish, snake meat tastes much richer and is chewier than the former.
Ramy Inocencio of CNN describes that "Minced dark mushrooms, finely julienned chicken,
fragrant chopped ginger and other herbs and spices fill out the recipe, making for a hearty
broth.
It tastes like chicken too – though a tad tougher."Traditionally, the snake soup is
served with very thinly-shredded lemon leaves and chrysanthemum flowers to dilute the saltiness.
Nowadays, it is usually served with an addition of pepper, vinegar and thin fried doughs to
enrich its flavour and texture.
While eating with crab claw chrysanthemums is proposed as the best choice.
However, due to the limited supply of crab claw chrysanthemums, it is replaced by boltonia.
== Folk medicine == It is believed in old Chinese medical books
that snake soup has a number of medicinal benefits, including the cure of bodily ailments,
blood nourishment, improvement of skin quality and increase in one's qi or energy levels.
It is also widely believed among the Chinese people that snake soup is a "warming" food,
which heats up the body (or gives it yang which can balance the "cooling" yin during
the winter season