- When you think of a drone, you probably think of this.
(motor buzzing)
There's a new generation of drones
that are being built to fly longer distances,
at jet liner elevations, while carrying huge payloads.
And these cargo carrying drones
could be coming to an air space near you.
(gentle music)
Cargo drones could potentially upend the logistics industry,
making deliveries that are safe, and efficient,
and environmentally sustainable,
but they can also be a regulatory nightmare.
There's a reason that giant companies like Google,
and Amazon, and UPS are pushing ahead with their plans
to fill the skies with cargo carrying drones, money.
Morgan Stanley estimates that autonomous urban aircraft
could eventually become a 1.5 trillion dollar industry,
by 2040, and that includes everything
from vertical takeoff and landing the aircraft,
flying cars, military UAVs, and yes, delivery drones.
Now there are a whole bunch of delivery drones
that are being tested today.
But what if you wanna receive something that's heavier
than an Uber Eats order?
Before they can rake in all that cash,
drone operators are out to prove
that these devices can deliver a social good,
and that's why so many pilot programs
are focused on delivering medicine.
Matternet is working with UPS to deliver blood samples
to hospitals in North Carolina.
Zipline is flying in medical supplies
to remote locations in Rwanda.
Swoop Aero is dispensing vaccines and other medication
to tiny islands in the Pacific.
All those drones exist today,
but what about the ones that are still under development,
the heavy lifters.
Let's call them cargo drones, drones that are built
to fly higher and further than anything available today,
all while carrying really heavy loads.
So Sabrewing is working on a prototype
that can achieve speeds of up to 180 knots,
and a cruising altitude as high as 22,000 feet.
It's called Rhaegal, which yes,
is one of the dragons from Game of Thrones.
(dragon roaring)
Another is called Nautilus, and it's working
on a 30 foot prototype that's about the size
and weight of a military predator drone.
It'll be capable of transporting 700 pounds of cargo
a distance of 2500 nautical miles.
The company is also working on a larger scale
two ton freighter about the size of a Boeing 777.
(gentle music)
Both companies are using measurements associated with boats
because they are being designed
to take off and land in the water,
and that's because they probably won't
get the regulatory approval to fly over populated areas.
Now, speaking of Boeing, the aerospace giant
is working on its own heavy duty drone
capable of carrying payloads of 500 pounds.
But what kind of work goes into building a cargo drone?
To find out, we visited the offices of Elroy Air,
in San Francisco, to see
that company's autonomous volt drones for ourselves.
Elroy's CEO, Dave Merrill talked about the challenge
of building an aircraft
capable of carrying this kind of weight.
- At this scale, there's a lot more modeling that goes in,
a lot more aerodynamics that goes in.
You need more capital, you need specialized expertise,
for testing each building block.
So it's really a different kind of effort
than building a smaller drone system.
- And Merrill said
that while some companies are retrofitting their drones
for autonomous flight,
Elroy is building its aircraft
to be self flying from day one.
They're being built to attach and drop cargo
as well as take off and land without any human interaction.
- So the aircraft is able to land, taxi to a cargo pod,
pick it up, and then take off again,
without needing a person to come out and load
or unload the system.
And we did that to save time,
so that the aircraft can just stay always in motion,
always being utilized.
And they also are designed for a much longer range.
Most delivery drones,
people are thinking about the last mile,
we think about the last 100 miles.
- Elroy envisions its system being used
to deliver packages over medium distances,
in rural areas, or between distribution centers.
- The benefit of vertical takeoff and landing
is that you have a lot more flexibility
in where the system can operate from.
So, it can take off and land from an airport,
or a helipad, but also it can take off from a parking lot,
or the rooftop of a parking garage,
or even a field.
- The company hopes to have a fleet of autonomous drones
in the air, making deliveries by 2020.
- I don't think it's as far away as we think,
but I do think that companies are betting
that some portion of automated flight
are going to be moving stuff around
that's not just small packages.
- This idea of using drones to move goods
between giant warehouses, is super interesting.
But also, it raises some valid concerns
about energy consumption.
A 2018 study in the journal "Nature"
found that electric drones were way more efficient
than trucks, and vans, and cars.
- A drone can reduce greenhouse gas emissions
for package delivery in most areas of the country
by a decent amount,
and in really low carbon electricity grids,
like out west, and in New York state,
it can reduce it by half, or more.
- And though the study found that benefits may be reduced
once the electricity used for recharging
and warehousing was factored in,
drones clearly have less environmental impact
than a one item delivery by car.
Today, the big problem is regulation.
The unresolved issues include whether it is safe
to allow drones to fly
beyond a pilot's visual line of sight,
or to operate at night, or to fly over people.
And to answer these questions, the FAA created
a pilot program to see how a drone delivery system
might look in real life.
Wing and Uber are two of the companies participating,
but not Amazon, which is instead testing its drones
with a consortium of European companies in Belgium.
- The tech development race for urban air mobility
is going on right now.
The technology, as it advances, should think through
how it's going to meet those certifications,
and make it safe for everybody.
- So whatever set of guidelines the FAA
and the private sector come up with,
could have huge implications, not just for cargo drones,
but also maybe for the way
that we get around in cities in the future.
Urban air mobility is increasingly a hot pursuit
among tech and aerospace companies.
As ridiculous as it sounds, the idea of flying cars
is gaining serious traction.
People are investing hundreds of millions of dollars
in drone companies, today, because they believe
that they will be more efficient,
and better for the environment than the current system.
And that's making people really nervous.
A Pew Research Center survey in 2017
found that 11% of Americans support drones,
while 34% favor some limits on them.
But 54% disapprove of drones flying near residential areas,
and they site privacy and noise as their top concerns.
If developers can address these concerns,
and build out a network of delivery drones
that are quiet, safe and efficient,
well, then the sky's the limit.
Like I'm just thinking if I can get a bed,
a new bed, delivered to my apartment, via drone,
I mean, it might make my neighbors nervous,
but that could be amazing.