CDMA2000) is a family of 3G mobile technology standards for sending voice,
data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. It is developed
by 3GPP2 as a backwards-compatible successor to second-generation cdmaOne
set of standards and used especially in North America and South Korea.
CDMA2000 compares to UMTS, a competing set of 3G standards, which is developed
by 3GPP and used in Europe, Japan, and China.
The name CDMA2000 denotes a family of standards that represent the successive,
evolutionary stages of the underlying technology. These are:
Voice: CDMA2000 1xRTT, 1X Advanced Data: CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Release 0,
Revision A, Revision B, Ultra Mobile Broadband
All are approved radio interfaces for the ITU's IMT-2000. In the United
States, CDMA2000 is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications
Industry Association. 1X
CDMA2000 1X, also known as 1x and 1xRTT, is the core CDMA2000 wireless air
interface standard. The designation "1x", meaning 1 times Radio Transmission
Technology, indicates the same radio frequency bandwidth as IS-95: a duplex
pair of 1.25 MHz radio channels. 1xRTT almost doubles the capacity of IS-95 by
adding 64 more traffic channels to the forward link, orthogonal to the original
set of 64. The 1X standard supports packet data speeds of up to 153 kbit/s
with real world data transmission averaging 80–100 kbit/s in most
commercial applications. IMT-2000 also made changes to the data link layer for
greater use of data services, including medium and link access control protocols
and QoS. The IS-95 data link layer only provided "best efforts delivery" for
data and circuit switched channel for voice.
1xEV-DO CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, often abbreviated as
EV-DO or EV, is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission
of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access. It uses
multiplexing techniques including code division multiple access as well as time
division multiple access to maximize both individual user's throughput and
the overall system throughput. It is standardized by 3rd Generation
Partnership Project 2 as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards and has
been adopted by many mobile phone service providers around the world –
particularly those previously employing CDMA networks. It is also used on the
Globalstar satellite phone network. 1X Advanced
1X Advanced is the evolution of CDMA2000 1X. It provides up to four times the
capacity and 70% more coverage compared to 1X.
Networks The CDMA Development Group states that,
as of April 2014, there are 314 operators in 118 countries offering
CDMA2000 1X and/or 1xEV-DO service. History
The intended 4G successor to CDMA2000 was UMB; however, in November 2008,
Qualcomm announced it was ending development of the technology, favoring
LTE instead. References
External links TIA TR-45 Engineering Committee for CDMA
Standards 3GPP2 Standards and specifications
CDMA2000 Overviews of the CDMA2000 standards - 1X to UMB
cdma2000.info Online interactive cdma2000 SDU decoder - covers all
releases up to C.S0005-F 2.0