Marhaba! Right now we're going to talk about the مصدر.
المصدر literally means 'the source' in Arabic as in the 'source of a verb.'مصادر is the
plural, and مصادر are a class of word that we don't really have an exact
equivalent for in English. Sometimes people refer to them as 'verbal nouns,'
which is about as accurate a translation as we're going to get, but it sounds a
bit silly, so it's a good idea to just get into the habit of referring to a
مصدر as a مصدر. 'Masdars.' are words that express the abstract idea
of an action, something close to, but not identical to, the infinitive in English.
Or the gerund form of a noun, the '-ing' form. One مصدر that you might have
encountered already is السفر, which we could refer, which we might translate,
depending on context, as 'to travel,' or 'traveling,' the idea of traveling, the
abstract concept of traveling. Now we can't always render an '-ing' word in
English as a مصدر. Think about the difference between these two sentences
in English. We could say
'working is hard.' we could also say 'I am working for the government.' In one of
these sentences, 'working' is a noun. This thing that is work, 'work is hard.' We
could swap in 'work,' we might choose to skip the '-ing' altogether, right? So we're
discussing an idea, an abstract concept. but if I say 'I am working,' even though
I have the '-ing' it's really kind of a verbal meaning, right, I'm using the
present continuous. So in Arabic, we might use the مصدر
form to translate this sentence, we could say العمل صعب. Full stop. 'Work is hard.' This thing that
is work, it's hard. One thing we also notice is that since these are abstract
concepts that we express with مصادر, they're almost always definite, sometimes
as the term of an إضافة. But if I want to say 'I am working,' we might be
tempted to use this مصدر: أنا العمل But that would mean that I am somehow
the literal physical embodiment of the act of working, which sounds as strange
in Arabic as it does in English. So to express this idea, 'I am working,' I would
just use a conjugated verb. I would say أنا أعمل للحكومة
مصادر are something... well, we've seen in our other video about patterns, that verbs
have different patterns in Arabic. We typically number them as learners from I
to X, and Form I verbs tend to have مصادر that are very variable. Forms II
through X, we have a very fixed pattern. With very few exceptions, we can usually
take a verb, if we identify its form it's وزن, in Arabic, then we can sort of
deconstruct it and reconstruct it as a مصدر, but with form I verbs, which
constitute a majority of the verbs we know at this point, it does tend to be
highly variable. For example ,the verb for 'to live,' يسكن
the مصدر of يسكن, this thing that is living, is السَّكَن. The verb for 'to know,'
يعرف, in present tense is المَعرِفَ. the verb for 'studying' يدرس, our
مصدر pattern is الدّراسة. The verb for 'getting something, acquiring
something,' يحصل,
the مصدر is الحصول, and this is not an exhaustive list, right? So here we have
السكن المعرفة الدراسة الحصول,
we have different vowel
patterns all along. But you shouldn't let this intimidate you too much, because
even though we have a large number of variable patterns, there are patterns.
Right? And we can use those patterns again, that sort of musical sense, that
rhythmic stress, as an aid for remembering مصدر patterns. For example
العَمَل, we know that verb to work يعمل,
عمل, which has exactly the same kind of vowel pattern as السكن or with
الدراسة يدرس, our verbs for reading and writing,يقرأ and يكتب fit
into exactly the same pattern: القراءة، الكتابة
right, we have these stresses. So as you are learning
new verbs, and it's a good idea to learn the مصدر form as you learn a verb,
be sure to memorize the مصدر as well, and think about if that مصدر fits
into any of the other patterns, مصدر patterns that you have encountered
previously. as I said for verb forms II through X, things become a lot more
regular, and we can predict very very accurately what the مصدر form is 58 00:06:59,810 --> 00:00:00,000 going to be, and that's what we'll see in our next video.