Have you ever said, liked, called, pushed, worked, walked?
Any of these like this before?
If you have then you’re gonna love this video.
I’m gonna be talking about how to pronounce these -ed endings, what the three rules are,
one simple trick to help you remember them, and then at the very end of the video I’m
gonna give you a little teeny tiny test, just to see how well you’ve done and if you’ve
remembered anything from this video.
So let’s start with that first rule.
So, if you take a look at these words we have wanted, needed.
Both of these words end in -ted or -ded.
So, if we have words that end in -ted or -ded we pronounce them /ɪd/ at the end.
/ɪd/, not /ed/ or /i:d/, but /ɪd/, /ɪd/.
Now take a look at these two words.
We have liked and pushed.
How do I know that they’re liked and pushed and not lik-ed and push-ed?
Well firstly, if we remember rule number one, we pronounce, we pronounce the /ɪd/ sound at
the end of words with -ted or -ded, and like and push do not have these spellings at the
end when we add the -ed.
Now this is where it gets a little bit complicated because in some YouTube videos that I’ve
seen and in some lessons that I’ve observed with other teachers, they tend to give their
students a super long list of sounds, full of symbols that you guys probably don’t
know YET.
Because you’re gonna know them one day, right?
It’s no good giving you all these sounds.
So here’s a really really simple trick.
Place your hand on your throat, here, okay, you should be able to feel this part here
of your throat.
Place your hand there and say that final sound with me in the first word, like, k, k, k.
And there’s no vibration.
Of course you’re going to feel a little bit of vibration because it’s the air passing
through, but compare it to a voiced sound, g, g, there you will feel vibration.
So when I have a voiceless sound, or unvoiced sound, we pronounce that final -ed part as
a /t/, because /t/ is also voiceless.
The same goes for the second word, push, /ʃ/, /ʃ/.
No vibration.
If you're not sure, you're not convinced, then compare it to it’s voiced partner /ʒ/.
So I know for a fact that /ʃ/ is voiceless or unvoiced, so pushed, pushed.
Now we have these two words, called and removed.
Now, if we think back to rule number 1, I know it’s not call-ed or remov-ed, because
we don’t have -ted or -ded in the spelling, so that rule’s out the window.
/l/ is the sound which we have at the end of the first word, and /v/ is the sound that
we have at the end of the second word.
Both of these sounds are voiced, there's vibration, if you don’t believe me, then try.
/l/ so called, /l/, remove, /v/, /v/, there’s vibration.
So when we have these sounds with vibration we call them voiced sounds.
When we have a voiced sound at the end and then we add the -ed we continue that vibration
and we add a /d/ sound at the end.
So we say removed, called.
Now if you’re ever unsure as to whether a sound is voiced or unvoiced you can do exactly
the same as what I showed you in this video.
So, typically the sounds come in pairs, let’s take /k/ and /g/, so /k/ there’s just air,
and /g/,/g/, there’s vibration.
The same with /ʃ/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/, /ʒ/, and there’s vibration.
Of course with some sounds there’s not gonna be a voiceless or voiced partner, such as
with /l/ and /r/, I don’t say “l” and “r”.
So, that’s pretty much it for this video, everyone.
Thank you very much for watching.
If you enjoyed it, then like this video and subscribe to my channel, I post weekly videos
to help you with your pronunciation and listening skills.
So as promised at the beginning of this video, I’m gonna give you a little test which I
will show you after I’ve finished talking, so in that little test I’m gonna give you
a list of words and you need to write down in the comments below if those words have
an /ɪd/, /t/, or /d/ ending.
Thank you everyone for watching and I will see you next week [kiss] See you soon.