hey everyone I'm Alex thanks for
clicking and welcome to this lesson on
cause-and-effect verbs so this is an
academic writing lesson in this lesson
you will learn some advanced vocabulary
specifically verbs that you can use in
your high school or university essays or
if you are an English student who is
taking the IELTS or the TOEFL you can
use these verbs to really level up your
writing in your writing tasks on those
tests okay now if you are a writer of
another sort if you are an essayist a
fiction writer a nonfiction writer or
you want to be a writer in the future it
never hurts to have more vocabulary to
have more power verbs in your arsenal so
what we're gonna do today is improve
your vocabulary for your writing and
really make your writing that much
stronger
so I'm gonna put this down and let's
start looking at some verbs specifically
we are going to look at some effect
verbs first so when you think of effect
you think of the results of something so
we have the verbs cause produce and we
have verb phrases like lead to result in
then we have create bring about give
rise to and be responsible for so these
are all formal verbs and these will
definitely formalize your writing
specifically your essays so for example
cause very direct right so the 2008
financial crisis caused several problems
for multinational banks so this crisis
caused these things to happen alright
let's continue with produce okay so to
produce creates cause the medication did
not produce the desired
effect so the medication was supposed to
numb the pain but it didn't do this it
didn't produce the desired effect so
again to produce think of it in the same
family of words as cause produce and
create which we'll see a little bit
later on next we have lead to so if
something leads to something else this
means that it causes the next step to
happen so the next step is the effect so
for example several international
incidents led to World War two so we're
talking about international events
international incidents that led to gave
the cause for World War two so if
something leads to something else you
know you do this thing which causes this
thing so the effect is here one thing
leads to or causes another thing result
in very straightforward I think so
result in the earthquake resulted in
thousands of deaths the effect of the
earthquake the result of the earthquake
so the earthquake resulted in thousands
of deaths later we'll look at a result
of so that will be for cause but for
effect you can say result in what was
the result it resulted in blank and
something create I think everyone is
familiar with the verb create if you're
not here we go the increasing rate of
crime is creating numerous issues
numerous problems so it's making
problems creating problems causing
problems so the effect is that there are
numerous problems now because of this
bring about so if something brings about
something else it kind of brings it
right into effect so the new regime the
new political party the new political
regime brought about stricter laws so
imagine there was an election and there
is a new political regime and with them
they are bringing new laws so they
brought about new laws they caused new
laws to happen the effect of the
political regime are these stricter laws
okay
next give rise to if something gives
rise to something else it means that the
initial cause creates the conditions
necessary for the effect to happen okay
got that okay let's look at the example
so the election result gave rise to
public protests so we have the election
result and oh now the condition is
instability in the public because maybe
the public is not happy with the results
of the election so it creates the
necessary conditions for the public
protests so the election gave rise to
allowed the political protests to happen
the public protests to happen okay and
be responsible for I think this one is
self-explanatory so here we go
no one knows who was responsible for the
vandalism so no one knows who did the
vandalism the basically graffiti maybe
around the bank or some kind of public
place okay so who was responsible for
you can talk about you know these
effects and these effect verbs in a
variety of contexts so here you have
stuff like
World War two the economic crisis right
rising rates of crime
vandalism public protests elections so
these are probably the types of topics
you will see if you are writing a high
school essay or if you're writing a
university essay even if you're not
somewhere in your essay you're probably
going to talk about something that
caused something else or you're gonna
talk about the effect of one action and
what the reaction of that was so these
verbs will help you to talk about that
reaction okay so now let's look at some
other verbs that you can use to talk
about the causes of things all right so
I'm gonna walk to the other board follow
me okay so here we go with the cause
verbs now if you notice some of these
are similar to the effect verbs but they
are the effect verbs in their passive
forms so let's look at what I mean here
we have be caused by be produced by be
brought about by okay so we've seen
these and the effect verbs board before
this and now we're gonna use them to
talk about cause so be caused by for
example the government collapse was
caused by the implementation of
unpopular policies so you want to say
that the unpopular policies caused the
government collapse or you can say the
government collapse was caused by the
implementation of unpopular policies
okay so you can say this in two ways you
can say it in the effect way where you
really emphasize the effect so the
government collapse is the effect and
the cause of the collapse is that they
implemented unpopular policies so if you
want to emphasize the government
collapse like here put it first use the
passive form use the cause
caused by if you want to emphasize the
implementation of unpopular policies
caused the government collapse you can
put that first so it really depends what
you want to stress in your sentence okay
alright next be produced by so the vast
majority of air pollution in Europe is
produced by fertilizers and animal waste
so is caused by is produced by
fertilizers and animal waste so again
the fertilizers and animal waste produce
the vast majority of air pollution in
Europe here we just flipped it to focus
on the cause so the vast majority of air
pollution in Europe is produced by
fertilizers and animal waste this is the
cause and the effect is the air
pollution basically air pollution is the
effect of fertilizers and animal waste
next we have be brought about by so you
saw bring about now it's to be brought
about by the passive form major economic
benefits could be brought about by the
adoption of solar roofs okay so the
argument is if you have a solar roof
within a few years you're going to be
saving thousands of dollars so here
major economic benefits could be brought
about by basically if we have solar
roofs the solar roofs will bring
economic benefits okay they will bring
about economic benefits with them next
results from not result in so many
benefits quickly result from exercise so
if you exercise this is the cause the
effect is well many benefits really
better health better energy and longer
life
ideally longer life unless there's an
accident obviously so now
we have stem from and these two if your
teacher or your evaluator sees you using
either of these two stem from be
triggered by they will love you
okay so memorize these two especially
because they are quite advanced and
they're lovely they sound wonderful when
they're in an essay format so stem what
is a stem think of a flower so you have
the stem of the flower and on the top
you have the petals you have the flower
itself right so the stem leads to the
flower so if something stems from
something like for example here most of
our early beliefs stem from our parents
so think of like your beliefs are the
flower on the top right and what causes
that flower before you have the flower
the stem has to grow so your beliefs are
here and they stem from your parents
your parents are basically causing your
beliefs and when you're a child right so
when you're a kid who gives you your
beliefs who tells you what to believe
usually it's your parents guiding you in
your belief system so if something stems
from something else it is caused by
something all right
and finally be triggered by so if
something triggers something else
it literally means it causes it to
happen okay so World War one this could
be any high school essay World War one
was triggered by like this is like the
root cause okay
this was like the cause World War one
was triggered by the assassination of
the Archduke Ferdinand now if you're a
history major and you're thinking no
there were many more things and this
wasn't it this was just one little thing
it's an example I'm really focusing on
just the use of these verbs
and verb phrases so was triggered by so
think of a gun and a gun has a trigger
when you pull the trigger the bullet
goes okay
so what was the bullet that caused this
thing okay what caused the bullet to fly
in this case the bullet being the
beginning of World War one is the bullet
the trigger is the assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand that pulled the
trigger that allowed the bullet to fly
towards the beginning of World War one
so we have be caused by be produced by
be brought about by result from stem
from be triggered by as well as the
wealth of effect verbs on the previous
board so you guys have I hope a lot of
new vocabulary that you have acquired
here today and if you want to test your
understanding of this to make sure that
you get that high IELTS score that high
TOEFL score you get that 90% on your
essay you can check out the quiz on in
vidcom and while you're there why don't
you check out some of my other videos I
have a ton of videos on academic
vocabulary or advanced vocabulary I have
some IELTS and some TOEFL lessons as
well and if you want to try something
more fun I also have stuff on learning
English with Star Wars with Harry Potter
with the Hunger Games wide variety of
things and grammar stuff too so if this
is your first video that you've ever you
know watched from us welcome and check
out the rest of the stuff and let me
know what you think speaking of letting
you know what you think leave a comment
see if you can create original sentences
sentences I have a hard time with that
word sometimes sentences with the
vocabulary you've learned in this video
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