In this video, the latest finds of archaeologists are waiting for you.
And at the end, you will hear a touching story about a family that was discovered by
archaeologists in the 20th century. Watch the video until the end, it will be interesting!
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Eyeliner and wax remover
In the UK, archaeologists have discovered hundreds of items buried with wealthy Anglo-Saxons. Experts
say they found "grave goods" after excavating 141 burial sites in Wendover, Buckinghamshire.
Artifacts ranged from jewelry and beads to swords, shields and spears, all of which were buried with
the dead. Interestingly, the resting places also contained “personal hygiene kits,” including
earwax removers, toothpicks, and tweezers. The researchers even found brooches,
hairbrushes and a cosmetic tube that could have contained a substance used as eyeliner. This is
one of the largest Anglo-Saxon burials discovered in Great Britain. Experts say the findings will
help analyze "what culture and society really were like in an era of undocumented times."
1500 years ago, people in Britain stopped documenting things. Traditionally,
this period was considered the Dark Age. But archeology helps to fill these gaps.
By studying the things our ancestors left in the ground, their glass, jewelry, weapons,
and even their bodies, we can build a rich picture of a dynamic and vital period in our history.
In total, there were 138 graves at this site, of which 141 were inhumations
and 5 were cremation burials. Along with personal hygiene items, more than 2000 beads,
89 brooches, 51 knives, 40 buckles and 15 spearheads were found in the graves.
The archaeologists noted that the items with each burial were adapted for each person,
meaning the items had a specific meaning for the deceased and the mourners at the grave.
Boat: 10,000 years old
The Passe canoe was found in the Netherlands during highway construction in 1955 and is the
oldest boat ever discovered. According to the Drents Museum in Assen, it was made by digging
out the inside of a log with an axe. Because some researchers wondered if the item could
be an animal trough (even though people didn't keep animals in the Netherlands at the time),
the museum created a replica and took it out onto the water, proving it could float.
Early medieval cemetery discovered
Archaeologists in Germany have discovered 110 graves dating back to the sixth and
seventh centuries. Among the finds are gold and bronze objects, as well as a headless horse.
Early medieval burials have been found in the city of Knittlingen in southwestern Germany.
Most of the 110 graves were buried in rows, but some of the elite were buried in a round pit.
Grave structures ranged from simple burials to wooden burial chambers - only the last
pieces of wood have survived. Some of the dead were buried in wooden coffins.
Ceramic vessels and bronze bowls were also added to the graves of men and women,
which probably contained food - animal bones and eggshells were found in them.
The finds give an idea of ​​the social status of the dead. Some of the male graves identified the
deceased as cavalrymen. A headless horse was buried next to one of these burials.
As would be expected due to Knitlingen's location in the fertile landscape of old settlements,
research has also unearthed isolated prehistoric, i.e. Stone Age, finds. Several ceramic fragments
that have been discovered, date from the Neolithic period, from about 5000 to 4500 BC.
The Galloway Hoard and Another Exciting Discovery A rare rock-crystal jar found wrapped in cloth
as part of the Galloway Hoard, which dates from around 900, has been preserved and has a Latin
inscription written in gold. The inscription says that the jug was made for a bishop named Higuald.
The Galloway Hoard is the richest collection of rare and unique Viking Age items ever found
in the British Isles. It was discovered in 2014 and acquired by the National Museums of Scotland
in 2017. The hoard includes more than a hundred items such as brooches, ingots, glass beads,
a Christian cross and a silver vessel. Even some of the fabrics with which the materials
were originally wrapped have been preserved. It is believed that a crystal jug about 5 cm high,
resembling a richly decorated perfume bottle, served a church function.
Now it has been carefully separated from the packaging. The Latin inscription on the base,
written in gold letters, translates as "Bishop Higuald ordered me to make me."
The inscription is in Latin, which in those days was the universal language of the Western Church.
From the records of that period, we know that there were several clerics
named Higuald in early medieval Northumbria. Some studies of the artifact included a 3D x-ray
image. The scan was done in collaboration with the British Museum, allowing the packaged object
to be examined without damaging it. Rock crystal is unusual in itself. It is one of those materials
that were highly valued in the ancient world for its transparency and translucency, which is why
it is associated with purity. The gold almost immortalizes it, it has become a kind of relic.
Evidence of the first people in Britain
At one of the oldest Paleolithic sites in Northern Europe, experts have found evidence that the
city on the outskirts of Kent was home to Homo heidelbergensis. The ancestor of the Neanderthals,
Homo heidelbergensis, was thought to have occupied Britain between 560,000 and 620,000 years ago,
when it was not yet an island and still connected to the European continent.
Findings of researchers can also testify to the oldest
processing of animal skins in prehistoric Europe. The Fordwich site, located in an ancient riverbed,
was first discovered as early as the 1920s. At that time, local workers discovered
artifacts of stone tools known as hand axes. But a new excavation team led by the University
of Cambridge's department of archeology has not only unearthed new flint artifacts and
the first "scrapers" ever found there, but has also managed to figure out their approximate age.
The researchers used a modern dating technique known as infrared radio fluorescence.
The artifacts are exactly where the ancient river placed them, which means that we can
say with certainty that they were made before the river moved to another part of the valley.
Lomekwi stone tools
It is truly exciting and very touching to be the first to pick up a stone artifact
since its original creator laid it on the ground millions of years ago. Who this original creator
is, remains unknown - Lomekwi tools were created for forging and cutting, long before
the genus Homo was born. And this is about 2.8 million years ago. Traditional history in human
evolution studies suggests that the origin of stone tools by our ancestors was associated
with the emergence of the genus Homo and that this technological development was associated
with climate change and the spread of savannahs. The discovery by the West Turkana Archaeological
Project team of tools half a million years older than the earliest known Homo fossils,
suggests that it is possible that other, earlier hominids learned to make tools,
or that some as yet unknown members of the Homo genus arose much earlier than we thought.
Lost 2000 year old ancient city of Bassania Polish archaeologists may have discovered the
2,000-year-old lost city of Bassania in Albania. Archaeologists from the University of Warsaw have
discovered the remains of two large ancient stone structures on a hilltop near Shkodra
in Albania. A few years ago, it was believed that only natural rock remains existed here.
According to researchers, this is probably Bassania, a city described by the Roman historian
Livy in the context of the battles of the Roman troops with the last king of Illyria, Gentius.
In May 2018, archaeologists unearthed only part of the walls and the door.
The open gates were accompanied by two bastions, to which powerful defensive walls over 3 m wide
led. Their outer parts were made of profiled stone blocks. The space between them was filled
with small stones and earth. According to researchers,
this type of construction is typical for Hellenistic defensive structures.
This dating is also confirmed by objects found by archaeologists near the walls: coins and fragments
of ceramic vessels of the 4th-1st centuries BC. This means that the city functioned during the
Illyrian kingdom, which ceased to exist at the turn of the millennium after the Roman invasion.
The city was destroyed over the years, and its walls rolled down the slopes. It also
served as a local quarry - many of the surrounding houses are built from large
blocks carved from archaeological sites. Despite erosion and human activity in the
ancient city, archaeologists were lucky enough to find fragments of ancient pottery. Thanks to
their analysis, it was found that the hill was inhabited as early as the 2nd millennium BC.
Stone tools in America At the Buttermilk Creek
archaeological site in central Texas, Michael R. Waters, director of the Center for Early American
Studies at Texas A&M University, and his team found projectile points, blades, and other tools
that date beyond time. Researchers have long believed that humans migrated to North America
after crossing the Bering Strait from Siberia at the end of the last ice age. It is the oldest
archaeological site in North America. This proves that people passed the Bering Strait
region before the ice receded. They probably traveled south along the west coast, possibly
by boat. To reach the mainland of North and South America and spread across the continents.
Tomb of a 10th century warrior in Poland The remains of a warrior buried at the end
of the 10th century in an earthen mausoleum were discovered in the village of Bodzia in central
Poland. According to the researchers, this man had an elite status and spent
most of his life in Scandinavia. The necropolis dates back to the
end of the 10th and the first half of the 11th century and consists of elite
burials of several dozen people. Evidence of this is the rich equipment of the graves.
Andrzej Buko, an archaeologist and professor at the University of Warsaw,
offers a new interpretation of the origin of this necropolis. In his opinion, initially it was not a
cemetery, but a single grave - the mausoleum of a prominent representative of the elite
Mieszko I, the ruler of Poland from 960 to 992. The mausoleum was built in the form of a large
earthen burial chamber with a diameter of about 3 meters. The barrow was crowned with a stele.
The grave was fenced with a rectangular palisade. The entrance to the tomb was from the west. The
body of the deceased - a man of 35-45 years old - was placed in a wooden coffin. According to Buko,
the deceased received numerous gifts on his last journey. Fragments of clothes in the form
of linen fabric have been preserved, as well as iron fittings of a knight's belt, a knife in a
leather sheath and coins - one coinage from Saxony, the other from the Czech Republic.
Analysis of strontium isotopes contained in the deceased's teeth indicates that he was
born in northern Poland. But he was buried according to foreign rites. In addition,
people, probably of Scandinavian origin, were later buried in nearby graves.
Archaeologists believe that although the deceased, buried in the grave of the mausoleum,
was born in Poland, he spent a significant part of his life in Scandinavia. There he rose to a
high position in the social hierarchy. At some point in his life, he returned to his homeland.
Golden bead A tiny golden bead discovered
in Bulgaria is believed to be the oldest example of a worked gold object ever discovered. She
is 6500 years old. It is only one-eighth of an inch in diameter and was found at a site
called Tell Yunazi, where researchers also found hundreds of ceramic bird figurines that could have
been used in a religious ceremony. The area was home to the Balkan civilization of the Copper Age,
where metal production was developed and the people had extensive trading networks.
The death of a young family in an earthquake Sometimes, when archaeologists find the remains
of victims of natural disasters, their photographs suddenly touch our hardened hearts, as if we knew
these people. Is it because they were not much different from you and me? Just as you and I
they enjoyed life, took care of children and loved ones. And at the most terrible moment in the face
of already inevitable death, they sometimes had only one desire - to protect their loved ones.
This is a photograph of the remains of a young family who died in their bed.
The mother covers the child with her hand, the father tries to cover both of them with
his body. They died in the early morning of July 21, 365 AD. The child is one and a half years old,
the mother is about 19-20 years old, the father is 25-35. How and why did they die?
The Mediterranean region has known quite a few natural disasters, of which the most destructive
was the explosion of the Thera volcano (Santorini Island) around 1500 BC, which put an end to the
power of the Minoan civilization. Perhaps the legend of the death of Atlantis is associated with
this event. Unfortunately, there is no information about this catastrophe in written sources.
Those who could write - died, and those who survived, certainly had no time for it.
The events of 365 AD made a huge impression on contemporaries, much more than the death of
Pompeii and Herculaneum, and the victims were no longer thousands, as in the death of two cities,
but tens or even hundreds of thousands. The epicenter of the earthquake is at the very edge
of the eastern coast of the island of Crete. There is no written evidence of the death of
the city of Kourion. But in 1934, the “Earthquake House” was found here, in which, during subsequent
excavations, the remains of seven people were found, including our young family.
The father managed to cover the mother with his body, hugging the crying child, trying to protect
them from stones falling from above. Nobody managed to escape. Too many people died that
morning in the city, because no one came to dig them up, not the next day, not a week later, not
a month later. They lay there for 16 and a half centuries, until archaeologists found the house.
The family was not rich, but the house is very solid, by the time of destruction it had stood
for at least a couple of centuries. The young woman had a simple flat brooch around her neck,
made of semi-precious or, rather, ornamental stone. The father of the family found two
rings - one iron and an inexpensive bronze ring. The mother covered the child who hugged her,
and the father tried to protect them both with his body. Tell me,
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