Hey, what's up? Welcome to Series English! My name is Antonia Romaker
and today we shall discuss short answers.
To tell you the truth they are very popular in spoken Egnlish
and they are more natural than whole sentences.
so instead of answering 'Yes, I like sushi' you say 'Yes, I do.'
You do not say the whole sentence, you save your time.
And short answers are more polite than just saying 'yes' or 'no' with no continuation.
Now let's take a look at the structure, what short answers usually consist of.
We say 'yes' or 'no', choose the correct variant whether you agree or disagree,
then use a personal pronoun: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
And after that we use an axillary verb or a modal verb or some form of the verb 'to be'.
By the way if you say 'no' here, after the auxilliary verb or a modal verb or some form of the verb 'to be'
you need to use a negative particle 'not'.
This part depends on the question a lot. Now let's take a look at an example.
Do you like broccoli? Yes, I do, but he doesn't.
Notice that when we talk about ourselves - I,
we say 'do', the same as in the question, but ,he doesn't,
because 'he' demands using 'does', not 'do'.
Anyway the axillary verb in the short answer
should correspond to the axillary verb in the question.
So you usually take the auxiliary verb from the question
and put it in your short answer.
However if for example here you have 'you' or 'I', and here you have 'he' or 'she' and 'it',
you should remember that the same axillary verb can be used a little bit differently
with different subjects, different personal pronouns. You should follow those rules.
Has he read this book? Yes, he has. The same auxilliary verb.
No, hasn't. One more example. Are you tired? Yes, I am. Here we use one of the forms of the verb to be.
But notice that in the question we have 'Are you tired?'.
We have 'are', but in the answer we have 'Yes, I am'. That's because the personal pronoun 'I'
demands using 'am', not 'are', not 'is'.
Is he tired? Yes, he is. Are you tired? Yes, we are.
Yes, I am. 'I am', but 'we are'. So be careful here, pay special attention to the personal pronoun you use
And use the auxilliary verb corresponding to the auxilliary verb used in the question,
the first axillary verb.
Have you been studying a lot? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Do you like studying English? Yes, I do. No, I don't. Really?
Can you run fast? Yes, I can. No, I can't.
Should we be worried? Yes, you should. Instead of an axillary verb here you can use a modal verb.
And now let's practice a little more here are the questions.
Try answering them both positively and negatively.
By the way notice what you have in the third position.
Is it an axillary verb? A modal verb or some form of the verb .to be'.
Are you busy? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.
And if you say 'we', you answer: 'Yes, we are' or 'No, we aren't'.
So are you busy at the moment?
Yes, you are, because you're studying English with me.
Are you married? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.
Can you swim? Yes, I can. No, I can't.
Notice that in short negative answers we have contractions most of the time.
'Yes, I am' but 'No, I'm not', 'No, he hasn't', 'No, she won't' and so on.
Can you swim? Yes, I can. No, I can't.
Will your sister drop in? Yes, she will. No, she won't.
No, she will not. Do not forget that 'will not' can be shortened as 'won't'.
Hear as the subject we don't have a personal pronoun, it is possible.
In your short answer you are supposed to substitute
this subject, this phrase with the pronoun, with the corresponding pronoun.
Here it would be 'she'. Yes, she will, she will visit us.
No, she won't, she will be too busy.
May come in? Yes, you may. No, you may not.
Is it raining? Yes, it is. No it's not. It is snowing.
Were you listening? Yes, I was. No, I wasn't. Let's answer this question with the personal pronoun 'we'.
Were you listening? Yes, we were. No, we weren't, sorry.
So here when you formulate your short answer and you fill in the last position,
the third position - axillary verb, modal verb or a form of the verb to be -
You usually take the first word from the question. However do not forget that
sometimes you need to adapt the axillary verb to the personal pronoun you use in the answer.
Like here. Were you listening? Yes, I was. We change were into was,
because we use I and I demands using was, not were.
A couple of more examples, try to think fast and give your short answers.
Do you have a hobby? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
Would you like to go to the cinema? Yes, I would. No, I wouldn't.
Are you having lunch? Yes, I am? No, I'm not.
Does your mother work? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't, she's retired.
Have you friends met your girlfriend? No, they haven't. Yes, they have.
Is Bitcoin still rising? Yes, it is. No, it's not.
Will you marry me? Yes, I will. No, I won't, sorry. Will you marry me?
Will your boss be mad at you? Yes, he will. No, he won't.
Should I help? Yes, you should. No, you shouldn't.
Is this man bothering you? No, he isn't. Yes, he is.
Are they mad? Yes, they are. No, they aren't.
Okay that's it! I hope that now you don't have any doubts as to how you should use short answers.
But still if you have any questions feel free to write a comment! Also like, share and subscribe!
And I hope to see you in my next video happy English and Russian practice! Bye!