Determine the six trigonometric ratios
for angle A in the right triangle below.
So this right over here is angle A, it's at vertex A.
And to help me remember the definitions of the trig
ratios-- and these are human constructed definitions that
have ended up being very, very useful for analyzing
a whole series of things in the world.
To help me remember them, I use the words soh cah toa.
Let me write that down.
Soh cah toa.
Sometimes you can think of it as one word,
but it's really the three parts that define at least three
of the trig functions for you.
And then we can get the other three
by looking at the first three.
So soh tells us that sine of an angle-- in this case it's sine
of A-- so sine of A is equal to the opposite, that's the O,
over the hypotenuse.
Well in this context, what is the opposite side to angle A?
Well, we go across the triangle, it opens up onto side BC.
It has length 12.
So that is the opposite side.
So, this is going to be equal to 12.
And what's the hypotenuse?
Well, the hypotenuse is the longest side of the triangle.
It's opposite the 90 degree angle.
And so we go opposite the 90 degree angle,
longest side is side AB.
It has length 13.
So this right over here is the hypotenuse.
So, the sine of A is 12/13.
Now let's go to cah.
Cah defines cosine for us.
It tells us that cosine of an angle-- in this case,
cosine of A-- is equal to the adjacent side
to the angle over the hypotenuse.
So, what's the adjacent side to angle A?
Well, if we look at angle A, there
are two sides that are next to it.
One of them is the hypotenuse.
The other one has length 5.
The adjacent one is side CA.
So it's 5.
And what is the hypotenuse?
Well, we've already figure that out.
The hypotenuse is right over here,
it's opposite the 90 degree angle.
It's the longest side of the right triangle.
It has length 13.
So the cosine of A is 5/13.
And let me label this.
This right over here is the adjacent side.
And this is all specific to angle A.
The hypotenuse would be the same regardless of what angle
you pick, but the opposite and the adjacent
is dependent on the angle that we
choose in the right triangle.
Now let's go to toa.
Toa defines tangent for us.
It tells us that the tangent of an angle
is equal to the opposite side over the adjacent side.
So given this definition, what is the tangent of A?
Well, the opposite side, we already figured out,
has length 12.
And the adjacent side, we already figure out,
has length 5.
So the tangent of A, which is opposite over adjacent,
is 12/5.
Now, we'll go the to the other three trig ratios, which
you could think of as the reciprocals
of these right over here.
But I'll define it.
So first you have cosecant.
And cosecant, it's always a little bit unintuitive
why cosecant is the reciprocal of sine of A,
even though it starts with a co like cosine.
But, cosecant is the reciprocal of the sine of A.
So sine of A is opposite over hypotenuse.
Cosecant of A is hypotenuse over opposite.
And so what's the hypotenuse over the opposite?
Well, the hypotenuse is 13 and the opposite side is 12.
And notice that 13/12 is the reciprocal of 12/13.
Now, secant of A is the reciprocal.
So instead of being adjacent over hypotenuse,
which we got from the cah part of soh cah toa,
it's hypotenuse over adjacent.
So what is the secant of A?
Well, the hypotenuse, we've figured out multiple times
already, is 13.
And what is the adjacent side?
It's 5.
So it's 13/5, which is, once again,
the reciprocal of the cosine of A, 5/13.
Finally, let's get the cotangent.
And the cotangent is the reciprocal of tangent of A.
Instead of being opposite over adjacent,
it is adjacent over opposite.
So what is the cotangent of A?
Well, we've figured out the adjacent side
multiple times for angle A. It's length 5.
And the opposite side to angle A is 12.
So it's 5/12, which is, once again, the reciprocal
of the tangent of A, which is 12/5.