Introduction to electric machines part 1 a types and fundamentals of electric machines
Now this is the first part of topic 1 in the series of electric machines
In this part, we will try to answer the following introductory questions
what are electrical machines? what are the different types of electrical machines?
what are the basic operating principles involved? in simple words
electrical machines are defined as a device in which principles of electromagnetics are involved
to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and mechanical energy to electrical energy
So, the electrical machines which involve rotating parts are called dynamic machines and those
having stationary parts are called static machines right so the dynamic machines include are typical
generators and motors and on the other hand static machines include transformers
Now generators are machines which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and motors perform
the task of converting the electrical energy to mechanical energy this is the basic principles
and we all know this in this series we will focus on generators and motors because we've already
covered transformers in quite a bit of details in other videos from GeneralPAC
Now, we look at
further classifications of electrical machines right well it's quite conceivable to categorize
electrical machines based on AC and DC here the AC machines can be divided into two main
types there's a synchronous machines and then there's the asynchronous machines in synchronous
AC machine there are synchronous generators and synchronous motors then the asynchronous AC
machines include induction machines which can be used as an induction motor and induction generator
similarly, as we can see there are two types of DC machines there's the DC motors and
then there's the DC generators in the end they can all be used according to
either single-phase and three-phase configurations
Now let's see what are the basic principles
involved in electrical machine operation as we have discussed that machines convert electrical
energy to mechanical energy and vice versa the principles of electromagnetism are applied
in fact it is an interaction of magnetic fields and electric field and its surroundings which
leads to the conversion of energy from electrical to mechanical and vice versa and this effect is
called electromagnetic induction now we will have a look at the fundamental laws of electromagnetic
induction that make machines work which are Faraday's law and Lens law now according to
Faraday's law the EMF or voltage induced in a coil or a conductor is directly proportional
to the time rate of change of magnetic flux linking the coil right and the negative signs implicates
that Lens law would suggest that the direction of the induced current is such that it opposes the
change in flux producing it so as previously discussed the interaction of magnetic fields
with its surrounding is a basic mechanism by which energy is converted from one form
to another form in motors generators and transformers four types of principles describe
how magnetic fields are used in these devices
Number one current-carrying wires produce a magnetic field in the area around it
Number two a time-changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire
if it passes through that coil this is the basis of a transformer action
Number three a current-carrying wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a force induced on it
now this is the basis of a motor action
And number four a moving wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a voltage induced in it
and this is a basis of a generator action right so
That's all for this part and in the next video we will be looking at the application of generators
and motors and electrical power system now let me take a few minutes to talk about who we are
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