So most of, of the devices processing class, they start with the introduction
where they tell you, you know, about Moore's law, about scaling
or, you know, device scaling, pit scaling, so on.
I did not want it do that in this class,
so I will give you a different kind of introduction.
More, more current with
more in touch with the recent current affairs.
So what, what, what is nanomanufacturing, right.
So nanomanufacturing is these set of processes such as patterning
things, etching things on a nano scale Depositing things on a nanoscale.
You know, making gates stack, making interconnects, making planarization.
And this enables us to, you know, make things like this.
Making a microprocessor, making a DRAM.
making a NAND Flash chip.
So this is the first part of this course where we'll be,
first we will be understanding these techniques and then applying them to
make, to understand how they are used and what, what's specific about
the process flow in each of these, making each of these devices.
the second part of the course actually looks into applying the same set
of techniques, but applying into a different set of applications.
So we want to keep the same processing technique, but now open them to a
new spectrum of applications, like making a
display or making solar cells or making LEDs.
And,
and you'll, you'll realize that, although the basics are the same, the essence is
the same, this, the prospective in which
this technology is used has completely changed.
For example, if you're, if you're making solar cells and you talk to that person
about doing patterning, he'll, he'll look at
you like if you're from Mars because nobody
this patterning on lithography. It's, it's just too expensive.
If you do it, you know, full access currently costs $0.80 about for a panel.
Each lithography stencil will cost about $0.30 about.
So nobody, nobody does lithography in, in solar.
Similarly, if, if you talk to tool manufacturers who make
tools for making solars, or for instance, making tools for, for,
for those dm or microprocessor.
The throughput of these tools are completely different.
So, toolmakers, they always want to sell tools, which make as less, which process
adds less wafers as possible, because they can sell more tools of it, right?
So, for microprocessor, you sell tools which process 20 to 30 wafers an hour.
A lithography tool, which costs a hundred million
dollars, processes 100 wafers per hour.
A solar tool processes 1000 wafers an hour.
So it's an order of magnitude difference. but we'll try to bring some commonality to
this and see how, how we can apply the same set of principle into this new field.
[COUGH]
What this course is not >> Nano-manufacturing,
meaning making things, nano-machines are making things on a nano scale,
are making miniatures of things which are miniature models of things.
although that's a very interesting field, we will not be covering this in
this class, so if you had Any
misconceptions or clarify at the very beginning.
so let's, let's give, let me give you your motivation for this class, right.
So
this is a famous quote.
Actually it's not a quote by Andy Grove but it, it was a quote which
was made famous by Andy Grove because he used to Talk to this many times.
Like, you might have heard that this quote, which Steve
Jobs used to give that computers are bicycles for mind.
It was not his quote.
It was somebody else's quote.
It was, Scientific American quote, but he made it more popular.
And you see a lot of quotes
like that, that are not. You encounter people who,
who tell you something and then it suddenly sticks with you and
you want to, you want to carry it forward in your lifestyle.
So he, he gave this scoring that to, for any company to go, any, for you
to be successful in your career you need
to place yourself where the battles are happening, right?
So let's,
let's see what happened over the summer right.
So this is fall starting let's see what's happened over the summer.
Alright.
So this is probably the biggest battle happening in semi conductor.
People don't think it's a semi conductor industry battle but it
really is and I will show you why it is so.
So this was, you know, Apple, when Samsung pays them a billion dollars.
It happened right here in San Jose,
I took a leave from my day job to go there to watch the case because,
[LAUGH].
And anybody can go and watch the case because you just need to
show your driver's license and you can get in and watch the case.
and I was not the only one, of the people from Google, people from Intel.
Why would they be sitting, right, but at, at, and, and
I'll, I'll point why this is relevant to the semiconductor industry, right.
Let's see some more battles which are happening, right.
So Intel
vs ARM right.
It used to be Intel vs AMD but it's its the new
[INAUDIBLE]
Intel vs ARM Intel can't get into ARM's territory.
ARM is already penetrating into servers so, I don't know, so which would
be the winner, we'll try to decide towards the end of the course
Anther, another thing happened over the summer.
Intel used to deny for a long time that PCs will continue.
They used to state for a long time PCs will continue to grow.
They finally admitted over the summer that China, even the growth that
they were getting from China has stopped. They devised their outlook to a revenue to
fall over this year. The
[UNKNOWN]
market is finally ending, right?
another thing happened over the summer. US slapped tarrifs on
solar panels being made in China, and not a small traffic, not a small tarriff.
31%, right?
And that, too, retroactive.
That mean all the previous panels that were
brought from China you have to pay taxes
on them now, right so in fact US firms complain that you know, we want panels
from China because, and we don't want to pay
taxes especially on the stuff we bought already four-years back.
So another, another big battle, all these stories
are either from Wall Street Journal, New York
Times or Washington Post, they are the three
main newspapers that you have in this country.
Right.
another big battle happened last weekend right.
Apple released iPhone 5, immediately two hours after that Samsung
released this add, saying you know the next big thing is already here
and so so let's take some of the aspects, is that really better?
Which one is better one right?
We so this is, they actually, you
know, released the hardware specs, some software specs.
Software specs is kind of funny because they did list their, their software specs,
[LAUGH]
But anyway, let's look at what's in the hardware, right?
So, retinal display versus AMOLED.
AMOLED stands for Active Matrix LED, so we will, Active Matrix
Organic LED, so we will understand what it means and lecture on this billboard.
Which, which one is better.
So from the resolution-wise so therefore it seems
to claim the screen size is bigger here.
And they also claim that, they have full HD.
So, full HD is 720p.
It's 1280 by 720p.
iPhone 5 is not full HD. It's 640p.
By the way, the videos for this class are full HD and you can
[LAUGH]
you can watch them in full HD.
Sometimes YouTube, it auto-detects your connection, and it gives you the
Resolution which best for, for your network speed so if
you don't get full HD there is that, there is
button over there and you can click it makes it full
HD, but what Apple here was they have a 16 to 9 16 to 9 aspect ratio.
That is if you divide the number of pixels, width to length, it's 16 to 9.
Right
and that is better if you're watching, watching movies.
Especially the movies that you watch in theater, 16 to 9 aspect ratio.
So it's, it's better for that.
I don't know how many people watch movies on their phones but, anyway.
up to 20, 224, so I, Samsung claims they
have a better standby time, also a better talk time.
And,
is formulating a problem where he'll make you
calculate all these talk times, depending upon battery life.
But battery capacity but its primarily that and it is true too of a large part
of it because Samsung has a bigger screen
that allows you to fit a bigger battery also.
And to have a bigger battery it allows you for longer talk time, longer standby time.
Ym,
more doesn't necessarily mean too much, but we will discuss that later also.
[NOISE]
So these are some of, some of the biggest battles happening over the summer.
[COUGH]
How does it affect our life, right?
People work in the Wi-Fi process technology, the semi conductor, right?
How does the post pc era change life for them, alright.
So let's first look where the, you know let's really
make sure that the post pc era is here or not.
this, this little graph from few of my company
>> Here it shows 2007, Iphone launched,
sold 6,000,000 units that first, entire year.
Iphone 5 launched over the weekend. How many did it sell over the weekend?
>> 5,000,000.
>> 5,000,000 over the weekend, rather then over a year.
So that Almost 450
times the growth, right?
Total number of smartphone shipments, currently
there are around 350 million people.
Expect them to go to a billion in 2014. So, that's 1 6th of
the world's population buying a smartphone every year, and possibly true, too.
Right? So,
this is a slide I stole from the CEO of Am.
He, he, I mean, he loves to talk about the post PC era, too, right?
[LAUGH].
So he talks about how the computing world. Earlier, it used to be just Harvest.
PC, the first application that really drove it was desktop publishing.
Then the application which drove it was X.
So and Microsoft, but their dominant up to
2007, right, What, what happens after 2007, right?
This is what happened after 2007, iPhone launch is not really a big dramatic
shift, but look what starts happening in 2008, 2009, right?
The market share of these post-PC devices is now approaching what PCs
have,
right? 2011.
Same story happening here. Android much more
successful than iPhone, again this is number of shipments, right?
So look at this number 2012 around 250
million shipments of iPhone and Android those as
combined, do they even know how many PC's
you sell, laptops, and it stops combining per year.
Anybody want to take a guess?
Or you are really uninformed, so this is really great.
[LAUGH]
I can't teach you anything.
It's around 350 million worldwide PCs and, and PCs meaning
both laptops and desktops per year. It's already approaching that.
tablets Even much more, much more rapid growth
the new one the iPhone and iPad, seventy million tablets sold this year.
Are they doing things beyond these touched based devices, probably not yet, the next
big thing not Kim Kardashian but you know what she is wearing the Google glass, so
that I mean that might been new form factor just around the corner but so why,
why am I talking about this right what, what is this doing to the semiconductor
echo system right.
Who is, who is the biggest buyer of semiconductor chips In 2012, right.
No, no surprises here.
Apple, 2012 28 billion.
if you know chip industry it's roughly a 300 billion dollar industry.
10% and 3% of that is, is Is purchased by Apple, right?
The next player is Apple's competitor, so they own another 5
percent of it. You see that, and I'll show this later,
all the PC companies where they are going and where the tablet company or the.
Post PC companies are going, right?
So, so they have a huge influence on the entire, entire semiconductor
industry now right?
So let's, let's see how they are influencing Silicon Valley right?
So we all live here. you go to school here.
Probably a lot of you will end up settling here, right?
So Silicon Valley is, is a, you know, awesome place to live.
Umm, it is also a very evolving place, it keeps on changing, so,
to to to make it clear to you I have these maps that this company called
silicon maps.com and it, they leave us these maps of Silicon Valley every year.
And these are hugely out of proportion but
[LAUGH],
but they list all the companies, whoever pays them money
they list their logo on this map and, and so its,
its a good way to actually see how the Valley has
evolved over, over you know from a PCRO to approach PCRO.
So we have, I have exercise for you.
You need to, form a team of two probably you know fit, say hello to
the person sitting next to you, just introduce yourself to him.
And what you need to do is you need to write down name of, 20 semiconductor
companies, in the Silicon Valley This can include fabulous
company, that can include equipment manufacture, that include solar, it could
include LED, and semiconductor services,
you get brownie points if you can name the street and the
city also, so