Hi everyone I'm Shu Hong Wang
it is an honor to present our team's work to you
We are from Guanyun Lab at Zhejiang University
and our paper's name is 4Doodle
4D printing artifacts without 3D printers
So what is 4D printing
well it's still based on 3D printing technology
but it involves transformation of the printing
After the printing is done
the object can transform into a total different shape
it's like a new shape changing method
Our team has been working on 4D printing shape
for a while specifically
we've been focusing on 4D printing thermoplastics
including origami self-folding structures
reversible self-folding structures
through conductive thermoplastics
and mesh-based transformations
However there are still some challenges
with the traditional 4D printing
that we've been trying to address
One of the main issues is that the disconnect
and isolation between digital design and
physical fabrication
It can be hard for users to have full
control of the final product
modify the model in the middle process
specially if they are not experienced with
design and fabrication software like Fusion and CAD
We wondered if there was a way to make 4D printing
more accessible to novices
without access to 3D printers
That's when we had an idea
why not use a 3D pen
A 3D pen is a tool that lets you create freehand 3D drawings
and structures in the air
It's pretty cool
You can use it to modify existing 3D prints
by filling in gaps or adding new elements
So here's the idea
can we make 4D products by using 3D pen
The answer is yes
If you do the model in the certain trajectories
they can move into another shape
after triggering in a hot environment
Pretty neat, right?
We thought this
hands-on approach to 4D printing could help users
understand and reflect
on their creations better
But
when we conducted a pilot study
we found that some of them
weren't able to get the results they wanted
The problem was the
layer sickness and the printing speed
which are key factors in 4D printing
couldn't be controlled as well when drawing by hand
This meant that
the expected bending of the bi-layer structures
couldn't be achieved
after hot water triggering
Let me expand the mechanism in the more detail
Before introducing our experiment
first let me introduce the experiment conditions
We used a standard 3D Pen and PLA material
which is a kind of elastic material
Now for the results
we found that when users doodled faster
the morphing effect was more intense
Ff the doodling speed was under
1.2 cm/s, the flat sheet
can't morph at all
Also the number of layers didn't seem to have
as much of an impact on the
effect of 4Doodle
as it did for 4D printing by machine
But wait you might be thinking
It's just a version of manually 4D printing
Well we are more than that actually
To help users English their creativity well
crafting
we aim to incorporate diverse doodling techniques that
elevate for
doodling experience
beyond the typical for the printing
than by machines
Contrary to printing on the
platform using 3D printers with 4Doodle
users can 4Doodle on
everyday objects that have arbitrary surfaces
to obtain various original shapes
and see how the surfaces can morph
As a 3D Pen is highly flexible
users can draw on the ridge of a bent
cutting mat, producing an arc that
can transform into a flat sheet after triggering
This technique can achieve a reverse
transformation that is difficult for conventional
4D printing by machine
because in conventional 4D printing by machine
The flexible
vertical extrusion of material is still difficult
Inspired by its ceramic crafting
we employ
a turnable that can rotate in a constant speed
and can be used to design
centrosymmetric molds
allowing users to manipulate the printing pen
while the turnable
is in a static position to obtain a
centrosymmetric three-dimension shape
Texture is always an
integral part of handicrafts
and plays an essential role in human
textile perception
4Doodle
provides a way to freely draw textures similar to oil
brush strokes on 3D surfaces
The arrangement
design of assembly can transfer simple flat trips into
a complex structure in 3D spaces
providing a fundamental way to create geometric aesthetics
We utilized
the composite structure of the strips
as shown in the figure to produce a
shape library by assembling flat strips
Tinkering is a crafting method that allow users to make
spontaneous modification
which can speed up creative integration
With 4Doodle, users can continuously modify
iterate and gain inspiration from
assembling process and the item
Users can also assemble
the 4D pieces with any handy pieces
They can also the disassemble and reconfigure
other products
As the beginning of my presentation
we can see that some users couldn't get
satisfactory results
because they couldn't control the doodle speed
Therefore we
want to provide a tool that
should assist novices with
with basic 4Doodle techniques
In particular
it needs to teach users how to
print 4Doodling trajectories
at a proper 4Doodling speed
Now let's walk through each step of our learning tool
For the first step
the user can select a basic
model from our library
and adjust the parameters to achieve the expected
results shown on the screen
Step 2 users may transform the chosen model into the
desired form by
array, mirror, rotation,etc.
Step 3 the learning tool will display the
dooling path virtually
as an animation
which helps users doodle at an
appropriate speed to achieve the desired
deforming results
After introducing our whole system
you may want to know what
4doodle can bring to the users
Users can doodle several practical products
that adopt self-bending structures to
meet personalized demand
Users can change the color of the artifacts quickly
by using the 3D pen and creating
finger covers
After triggering
the crab is waving
hence
Now let's take a look at an interaction book
The story is about a little elephant
who picked a flower for a giraffe
Unfortunately the giraffe
was too tall to reach the flower
The book encourages you to use 4Doodle
to help them out
After you use 4Doodle and trigger it
the giraffe is able to get a flower in the 3D space
We created a 4D ikebana
which is a type of flower arrangement art
By using the reversible technique of 4Doodle
When you trigger the buds using a heat gun
they slowly unfurl like a blooming flower one by one
In the art creation area
4Doodle can offer new interactive dimensions of time
and information
Now let me turn off the lights
As bulb heats up
over time it triggers the first stage of the bloom
Once the temperature exceeds the melting
threshold, the flower stem becomes soft and droops
symbolizing the end of life
We offer a reusable module design
as you can see in the figure
Users can assemble
and disassemble these modules to create
open-ended projects
such as a lambshade
a fruit plate, or a tree with lights
4Doodle can also be used to display traditional art
like Van Gogh's Sunflowers
The heating process is a creative element
that artists can freely control
To test the effectiveness of our
MR system and explore the opportunities and limitations of
4Doodle for creation
we held a two-day workshop where participants learned
and practicec 4Doodle
skills and created their
own freestyle pieces
From our finding we discovered that
participants used
more form and function in their free exploration
We also tested how 4Doodle
affected the creativity of 11 participants
They completed
pre- and post-cognitive ability questionnaires
and the results show that
their cognitive ability improves significantly
after using 4Doodle
including spatial
ability and incubation creativity
We developed a universal
low-cost 4D printing method
to offer a new production process
for the maker and handcraft community
That's all, thank you for listening