Suffixes are my favorite parts of words! But Toby, what is a suffix!? Suffixes are groups
of letters that you put at the end of a word to make another word! Wow! Yes! Another word!
Adjectives are my favorite words! Suffixes are my favorite parts of
words! So can we make a video about the suffixes that you need to make adjectives?
Yes! Yes we can! This sounds amazing... My name is Toby, this is SMASH English and here is everything
you need to know about using suffixes to make adjectives for the B2 First Cambridge exam.
Let's start with the most basic thing, the most simple thing, this is a B1 thing! So
if you get this wrong, well you're taking the wrong exam and that's a terrible thing.
Interested and interesting! What is the difference? Well if you are interested
in something it is because that something is interesting. If you are bored it is because
something is boring. If you are confused it is because something is confusing. If you are
frightened it is because something is frightening. Brilliant! The -ED ending describes the feeling,
the -ING ending describes the object that causes the feeling.
However there are some exceptions. I am scared because your face is scary. Not scaring. Scaring
does not exist! Well actually it does. It is the present continuous form of the verb "to scare" but
not as an adjective. No! So don't say it! Don't describe something as scary because if you do that
it's wrong and you will fail your B2 exam and your B1 exam and your life. And if you fail your life,
well, that's a scary idea, isn't it? Wow this topic is so exciting! I feel so excited!
So let's do the more difficult suffixes because as I said I love suffixes!
Well at least these kind of make sense. We have the nouns PAIN and CARE.
If something causes a lot of pain it is painful. If something causes no pain it is painless. If
someone does things with a lot of care they are careful. If they do things with no care
then they are careless. That is simple. All of these examples share this pattern
but sometimes they don't mean what you think they will mean. Take HELPFUL and HELPLESS for example.
HELP is the noun. If someone is helpful it means they are always available and able to help you.
So the opposite of helpful is helpless... NO! The opposite of helpful is unhelpful.
But helpless does exist. If someone is helpless it means they cannot defend themselves.
The important thing to remember is just because you have an adjective with -FUL
and -LESS it doesn't necessarily mean that these adjectives are the opposites of each other,
not always. And I'm sorry, I'm really sorry about that. What do you want me to do about
it? I'm making a video to help you so say thank you to me. It's not my fault that my language
is confusing god! Also there are many adjectives that end in -FUL but there
is not the equivalent adjective with -LESS and that's a terrible thing. For example the adjective
peaceful. I had a peaceful night with my pet carrot. But I cannot say "peaceless". "Peaceless"
doesn't exist so don't say "peaceless". Remember you are learning a language you are not inventing
your own! Peaceful: full of peace! "Peaceless": doesn't exist, sorry. I can be beautiful
obviously but I cannot be "beautyless". Someone can be playful but they cannot be "playless".
Something can be awful but it cannot be "awless". And of course to make things even more complicated
some adjectives have the suffix -LESS but there is not an equivalent with -FUL. Something can be
pointless but it cannot be "pointful". An explanation about suffixes can be endless
but it cannot be "endful". A dead pet carrot can be lifeless but a living one cannot be "lifeful".
Now we have something easy! Yes easy! We take a verb we add the suffix -ABLE. a-b-l-e. And
that means that the verb is capable of being done. That's simple! You can even, kind of,
make up your own words doing this. For example: this exercise is doable. This game is playable.
This song is listenable. This route is walkable. This plane is flyable. That was fun! Yes?
Yes! However of course there are some exceptions. If something is capable of being drunk we say
DRINKABLE. Obviously! That's the rule! We know the rule! The rule is easy! So, if something
is capable of being eaten we say eatable... NO! No, we don't say eatable! Eatable does not exist!
Instead we say EDIBLE. Why? I don't know! Don't ask me questions just take what I say
and learn it. That's what all the good teachers say, obviously! Also sometimes adjectives ending
in -ABLE a-b-l-e and -IBLE i-b-l-e do not mean capable of being done. I'm sorry about that. Take
for example FASHION the noun and FASHIONABLE the adjective. Here fashionable is not coming
from the verb to fashion which means to mold or change the shape of. No, fashion is coming
from the noun which means a way of dress or a look or a style. So a fashionable person is
someone who dresses well or for something that is popular. It's not about something capable of being
done. I said this was easy and I lied it's not easy. So I'm sorry. But why am I apologizing? I
spent a lot of time preparing this video for you! If anything you should be apologizing to me! GOD!
This one is a problem and I apologize in advance you can add o-u-s, e-o-u-s or i-o-u-s to a noun to
make an adjective and the adjective means full of that noun. For example danger becomes dangerous.
Ah but remember if the noun ends in E we must eliminate the -E and add -OUS. For example fame
becomes famous and ridicule becomes ridiculous. Unless the noun ends in -GE and then we add -OUS
and we keep the -E. For example: advantage becomes advantageous or courage becomes courageous. And
this gets even more confusing. Also when a noun ends in -Y we replace the -Y with an I so the
suffix becomes -IOUS. For example glory becomes glorious. Mystery becomes mysterious and fury
becomes furious. And when a noun ends in -ION we use the suffix -IOUS to make the adjective.
So religion becomes religious, ambition becomes ambitious, caution becomes cautious,
and rebellion becomes rebellious. Oh we did it! Aren't we great? Well done!
This is simple right? We just take a verb that finishes in -ATE and we add the suffix -ANT
to make an adjective. Simple! Easy! Great! Someone who tolerates is tolerant. Something that someone
has vacated is vacant. Someone who hesitates is hesitant. And someone who dominates is dominant.
Okay perfect. We finished. NO! Because something that pleases is pleasant. Something that abounds
is abundant. Something that depends on something else is dependent. Maybe we can make adjectives
by adding the suffix -ANT to nouns that end in -ANCE. Elegance elegant. Arrogance arrogant.
Ignorance ignorant. Dominance dominant. Importance important. Brilliance brilliant. Romance romantic.
Okay so this works most of the time. Most of the time you can add the suffix -ANT to nouns that
finish in -ANCE and it makes an adjective. Most of the time! But not always! Sorry!
Again apologizing, sorry! Sorry for apolgising, I'm sorry for being sorry all right! God!
What about the -ENT suffix then? Maybe nouns that end in -ENCE take the suffix -ENT to make the
adjective. Well, let's see! Innocence innocent. Intelligence intelligent. Obedience obedient.
Confidence confident. Independence independent. Absence absent. Patience patient. Violence
violent. Okay for me that is good enough! That is a rule! I'm going to call that a rule of english!
If a noun finishes an -ENCE then the adjective takes the suffix -ENT. Maybe not always but always
usually. And that's good enough for me! But this is B2 First, not C2 so don't worry about it! B2
first -ENCE: adjective suffix -ENT! Done! Great! So then what have we learned? If a noun ends in
-ANCE then the suffix to make the adjective is usually -ANT apart from romance and romantic
but who needs romance? Who needs romance? I don't need romance... I'm, I'm so lonely. If a noun ends
in -ENCE then the suffix to make the adjective is usually -ENT. It's usually always -ENT or always
usually. Just mix the adverbs of time together. I love adverbs of time and I love the present simple
and you probably don't know everything about the present simple! If you want to learn everything
about the present simple for the B2 First Cambridge exam click here! Goodbye! Next one!
Okay there are some rules here. If a noun ends in -ET or -ETE then the adjective usually uses the
suffix -IC. Remember that if the noun ends in -E we normally remove the -E and replace it with -IC.
So for example athlete becomes athletic and magnet becomes magnetic. If a noun ends in -D,
-DE, or -DY we usually use the suffix -IC to make adjectives! I-C. -IC. I'm such an -IC...
Wow. So tragedy becomes tragic. Melody becomes melodic and acid becomes acidic. Also if a noun
ends in -OT, O-T then we usually add -IC. I-C. For example idiot becomes idiotic and patriot becomes
patriotic. And yes I'm sure if you want to find an exception you will find an exception. There
are exceptions to everything in the world apart from if you don't subscribe to this channel you
will fail your exam. No exceptions! So please subscribe. Please! I'm really desperate! I am.
It's actually quite pathetic. One very annoying problem that you need to be aware of at the B2
First level is the difference between adjectives ending in -IC and -ICAL. I-C and I-C-A-L
because sometimes a noun will have two adjectives: one with -IC and one with -ICAL and it will change
the meaning. And this is a problem for you. For example we have historic and historical and these
have different meanings. For example if something is historical it means it happened in history. A
historical event it happened in the past. Every event is historical. Me recording this video is
historical because now that you're watching it it happened in the past. Great! Historic on the other
hand means something very important in history. Wow! When I uploaded my first video to youtube
on May the 17th 2020, that was a historic moment for the world! And generations will be looking
back on that thinking "Wow! What a historic moment for the world!". Also another pair of words that
creates problems at the B2 level is economic and economical. Economic means related to money. For
example SMASH English has economic problems. We have no money! What are we doing? I don't know!
Economical means "money saving". For example an economical thing for me to do would be to sell all
of my equipment, sell my computer and close SMASH English because then maybe I would do some work.
But i'm not going to do that because I love YOU! Right! Because I love you! I want to help you pass
your B2 First exam! I really do! So say thank you in the comments. Leave a comment just to
say thanks. Come on please! We can add -AL to a noun and this makes an adjective that means about
that noun, regarding that noun or of that noun. For example: a natural apple an apple of nature...
as opposed to the unnatural apples, whatever! Or a seasonal celebration, a celebration of the
season! However this can get confusing because we can also add -AL, A-L to a verb to make a noun.
Oh my god! So just because you see a word ending in -AL with the suffix -AL it doesn't mean
that that word is an adjective, it could also be a noun! And that's a terrible thing. Arrive becomes
arrival. Betray becomes betrayal. Portray becomes portrayal. These are verbs becoming nouns.
Not nouns becoming adjectives. And how do you know the difference? Well you're going to learn them
all. Vocabulary! Read a dictionary! That's fun. It's what I do in my spare time! Because I have
no friends. I don't want any. I'm too good for friends... probably... that's what I tell myself.
The meaning here is the same as the -AL suffix. We add -AR to a noun to create an adjective
as with muscle muscular, circle circular, populace popular. We don't say -AL we say -ULAR. -ULAR.
Why? I don't actually know but just remember it! You have to learn these things! I'm sorry.
Sorry. Sorry. But I have some more bad news for you because just because a word finishes in -AR
does not mean that that word is an adjective. It could be a noun of agency. Sometimes we use
the suffix -AR at the end of a verb to give a name to the person that does that verb.
If someone burgles they are a burglar. Someone that steals from houses, it's a
terrible thing to do so please don't do it. Or someone that lies. If you lie you are a liar
and that's also a terrible thing to do so please don't do it. However if you don't like my videos
please do lie and hit the like button and leave a comment telling me that you love me.
If you love my videos please don't lie tell the truth and leave a comment. Thanks.
We can add the suffix -IVE to a noun to make an adjective that means possessing that quality
or tending to have that quality. For example MASS relates to size. Something that is massive has a
lot of size. But we can also add it to verbs. ATTRACT is a verb and if you attract people,
like me, then you are attractive, like me. What are you doing? This is going on the internet! It's
just embarrassing. CREATE is a verb and someone or something can be creative. But remember create
finishes with -E. If a verb finishes in -E then we remove the -E and we add -IVE. We can't say
CREATEIVE. What's that? That's stupid. No! Create remove the -E. However some nouns can also end in
-IVE so just because a word finishes in -IVE if does not mean it is an adjective. And i'm really
sorry. I just don't why! Why do I always have to disappoint you? I'm a failure! For example
execute is a verb but executive, well that's a manager. To direct, that's a verb but directive,
that's an order given by an authority. And in this situation I am your authority and I am giving you
a directive watch every single one of my videos... twice! If you do that you'll definitely pass
and I have no dignity so I'm prepared to beg! I'm gonna beg right now... And with that we
are finished! Now you know everything you need to know about suffixes to make adjectives for the B2
First Cambridge exam! If you liked the video don't forget to SMASH that like button, subscribe if you
haven't already, leave a comment down below! My name is Toby and this was SMASH English...