Welcome to Space News from the Electric Universe,
brought to you by The Thunderbolts Project™
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Of all the planets in the inner solar system, the planet Mars may pose
the most tantalizing mysteries.
In the early 1970s when the Mariner 9 spacecraft captured the most detailed
images of the planet to that time, scientists' ideas about Mars have needed
constant revision.
A planet that was thought to be long geologically dead was
engulfed in massive dust storms and its surface revealed dramatic and unexpected
scarring which remains mysterious to this day.
For decades, the chief principals of The Thunderbolts Project
have proposed that extraordinary events shaped the Martian surface.
Events which they contend were recorded in the myths
and legends of ancient man.
In part one of this two-part presentation, physicist
Eugene Bagashov reopens the Martian mysteries.
In the following material, I'd like to discuss some of the papers about
Mars that has been released in recent years in order to see if their results
might be reinterpreted in the light of the electric universe paradigm.
So the first paper that I want to mention discusses the peculiar structure in the
Martian equatorial region, called the Medusae Fossae Formation or MFF.
The purpose of the paper essentially is to report on the density measurements of
this structure.
To measure it, the team of researchers utilizes the altimetry data
from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter experiment, or MOLA, on board of the Mars
Global Surveyor spacecraft and also some of the most recent models of the Martian
gravitational field used by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
The results that they get in the end are pretty interesting.
In particular, they report that the density of MFF region should be
quite low, only about 1,700 kilograms per cubic meter.
It is possible, they state, that such an unusually low density is
the result of mixing of the rock with
large amounts of ice, more than 1/2 in volume.
However, the problem with that assumption is that the previous radar scanning of
the area, performed by MARSIS experiment on board of the European Mars Express
orbiter, rules out any significant concentration of ice in the area.
And it would also be hard to expect much ice in
the equatorial region which on average receives the most heating from the Sun.
So the conclusion that the authors arrived at is that the low density of
Medusae Fossae Formation should be the consequence of it being made of a
highly porous rock.
When compared to some of the minerals on Earth, it seems that
the porosity of rock in MFF might range from about 18 to about 51 percent and it
is not entirely clear how such a peculiar formation might have appeared
in the first place.
The authors suggest that "the MFF was deposited by
pyroclastic eruptions."
But at the same time they are baffled by its huge extent and total mass, noting that
it is two orders of magnitude greater than the largest pyroclastic deposits on
earth which would make it the largest in the whole solar system.
I should add here that this area doesn't seem to have any
indications of volcanic activity even in the past in the first place.
It's quite removed from the hypothetical volcanically active Tharsis region and
even the hypothetical volcano Olympus Mons.
But of course, in the Electric Universe not only volcanism might affect
the geological processes but also the external electromagnetic influences.
So perhaps the very appearance of the MFF and its low density and high porosity is
somehow related to the possible planetary wide catastrophes in the
Martian past.
For now, let's remember that thought and take a look at some other
recent papers.
In particular, let's examine the paper released in February of
2019 in the journal Science.
Here the authors report the results of quite a clever application of Curiosity rover
telemetry data to measure the surface gravity in the Gale Crater where the
rover is situated.
Curiosity is equipped with accelerometers and gyroscopes that
are normally used for navigation and attitude determination
but the researchers have been able to use the data from these instruments for
the extraction of the gravitational acceleration.
More than 700 data samples were used, corrected for the possible
interference from planetary rotation, altitude and pressure and such.
What they got in the end was the gravitational gradient, that is the change of
acceleration with height, that was smaller than expected and they've been
able to infer from that data the most probable density of rock that Curiosity
was traveling on top of.
Now the most interesting part is that the density of
this rock was almost exactly the same as the one reported for the MFF in previous
paper, namely 1,680 kilograms per cubic meter.
And in the very same way they conclude that the reason for such a low
density should be very high porosity of the rock in Gale Crater, most likely
around 40%.
Even more so, they hypothesized that the initial porosity
might have been higher at the time of the formation of Gale Crater and could
have been as high as 55 to 70 percent.
Now here I wish to mention that the Gale Crater is supposed to be an impact
feature but what if it has a different origin?
Electric Universe paradigm brings into light the possibility that such
formations might occur during extremely powerful plasma discharges to the
surfaces of planets during hypothetical cataclysmic events such as extreme solar
flares and CMEs and/or close planetary encounters.
So in my opinion, it might be the case that both Medusae Fossae
formation and Gale Crater appeared on the surface of Mars because of some sort
of electric erosion processes.
The fact that the density of rock in both of
these formations is almost exactly the same, indicates on possible similarity of
their origin. Yet the MFF is thought to be a result of some volcanic activity
where the stuff essentially emerges from down below and Gale Crater is thought to
be the result of an impact event where the stuff should have fallen down from
above and it should be evident that the result wouldn't look the same.
Plus we have the 5.5 kilometer tall Mount Sharp
sitting right in the center of Gale Crater, the origins of which are
still the subject of debate.
Both the MFF and Gale Crater are located near the
equator which is quite peculiar as this seems to be a special area on most
occasions and might be significant in any type of plasma discharging events.
In this regard, I keep thinking of similar equatorial anomalies on other bodies
such as the Earth's equatorial plasma fountain, Jupiter's equatorial ionic
ribbon, dark equatorial regions on Titan and Pluto, Iapetus’ equatorial ridge and others.
On Mars, this area is doubly interesting as it separates the low and
flat northern hemisphere from the high and bumpy southern.
And here I should mention the other paper that has been
released in July of 2018.
Here the authors compared data from various spacecraft and Rovers to study the
chemistry of Martian dust with respect to the chemistry of the underlying soil.
What they found was that the elemental composition of Martian dust is somewhat
different from the composition of the soil, at least on average.
In particular, the dust seems to have a significantly
higher content of chlorine and sulfur and not only that but their relative
ratio on the dust all over the planet is also relatively constant.
In terms of molar content, the ratio of sulfur to
chlorine seems to be around 3.7 globally.
What's more important is that the researchers identified an area on Mars
where the soil itself has the same sulfur and chlorine content and that
area is--Medusa Fossae Formation.
So their conclusion is that it is the erosion of this formation that has
filled the Martian atmosphere with most of its dust and eventually covered most
of the planet with it.
Given what I've noted above on the potential importance
of equatorial area during any kind of plasma discharging, in my opinion it is
not impossible that this erosion might have occurred electrically.
I should note here that Valles Marineris structure is
also located in the equatorial region right to the east of Medusae Fossae Formation.
Although I also have a
suspicion that the erosion of Medusae Fossae formation
might continue to this day in the form of much weaker discharge but so far I
have no evidence to present in support of this idea.
I believe, now it's a good time to remember another item from the
electric universe pool of ideas, namely the statement that asteroids and
comets might be the fragments of planets torn away by electrical activity
during catastrophic events in the past of the solar system.
It has been known for some time that pieces of Mars might
even land on Earth.
At the moment, there are at least 227 meteorites identified
as originating from Mars.
It is supposed that these rocks received their initial
velocity from another impactor that lands on Mars and throws them into
interplanetary space, but what if the process of initial removal of the
material is electric?
In fact, some of the asteroids themselves in the solar system
have recently been identified as originating from Mars, well in line with
the scenarios proposed by the EU catastrophism.
There is even strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that
Martian moons Phobos and Deimos originate from Mars itself.
Remembering the discussion above about the low density of Gale Crater and
Medusae Fossae rocks, I cannot miss the opportunity to speak about the densities
of small bodies in the solar system.
It is generally assumed that the average density of asteroids should be about
2,000 kilograms per cubic meter which is noticeably lower than the density of
both Earth's and Mars’ crust and closer to the density of MFF and Gale Crater.
The density of comets however, is even couple of times lower than that, about
800 kilograms per cubic meter.
What is interesting however, is that the Rosetta mission with its brave Philae
lander have been able to determine that the dust-to-ice ratio in the comet 67P
nucleus, is much higher than was expected and the low density is the consequence
of very high porosity.
This, kind of, reminds of something else, right?
My hypothesis with regards to that would be that perhaps comets are the result of
more violent types of discharges so that the rock starts to partly boil or being
transformed in some other way and becomes more porous in the end.
And such more energetic events would also result in a more irregular orbits
with higher semi-major axis distance,
whereas asteroids might be the result of milder type of discharges and therefore
don't demonstrate such a high deviation from the planetary crust in terms of
density and also don't move in such eccentric orbits as comets do.
So, taking into account the considerations given above, I would suggest to any
experimenters trying to reproduce geological formations in the plasma lab
to pay more attention to the density of the acquired structures and formations.
Perhaps it might be possible to reproduce some of the more porous
formations such as rock of the Medusae Fossae formation, or even the more
highly porous cometary rock.
At the same time, I think that the results of the
ongoing sample return missions from asteroids such as Hayabusa2 and
OSIRIS-REX, would show more evidence that the asteroidal rock bears a striking
resemblance to the typical planetary crust composition.