hello everyone this is Andrew from
crown Academy I've English and today I'm going to be doing a
lesson, a vocabulary lesson and
I'm going to be explaining 2 words to you.
I'm going to be explaining the word borrow
and the verb lend because
these words are similar
in meaning but in
other ways they are very different as well and
they often cause confusion. So let's get started
So
let's start with a picture which shows
the meaning of the words.
First of all, both of these words
mean... well the verb lend,
it means to
to give something to somebody
for a limited time.
So you're going to, for example,
if somebody needs
a pen and they do not have a pen,
Erm... so you
give them a pen just for a limited time they will give you back
the pen later so we say you're lending
a pen and the person who is
receiving the pen we say that that person
is borrowing the pen so he is
receiving the pen, he is taking
the pen but he will give it back
later. So there is
the concept of time, this
is temporary so it's different
to giving
a pen forever and it's different
for this person - it's not the same as this person
taking the pen, so this person is not
keeping the pen. so I'm sure you understand. I'm sure you have the same
word
in your languages as well. Ok,
So the person
who is doing the giving, we say that that person
is lending the object and
the person who is receiving, he is
borrowing the object. Let's look at the word
lend in a bit more detail. So
Sarah is lending money
to Mark. Sarah is lending money to Mark.
So you can see
the structure of the sentence is
we lend something to
somebody. So "to" is important, so
we lend an object, something
to somebody else. So that is
the structure of the sentence.
Sarah is lending something, which is the money,
to Mark and
we can also say Sarah
is lending Mark some money.
The meaning of these two sentences
is the same - it's exactly the same meaning
but two different structures. Two
different ways of using the word lend.
And
this one is lend somebody
something. So after the word lend,
if we put.... if we put
the person immediately after
the verb lend,
then we do not need the word "to".
We just immediately say
the object afterwards. So
lending Mark some money.
We do not say Sarah is lending to Mark
some money. When we say it this way,
we do not need to say the word "to".
And if we want to use the word lend
in a question, then this is
how we would do it. So the question is "Can you lend me
5 euros?" and again
this is using the structure of
the second one - "Can you lend me",
"me" is the somebody, followed by
something, the object - what you are
wanting to borrow, ok, so
because it's a question,
he's using the word lend because
Sarah is doing the lending.
Now let's look at
the word borrow. Mark
on the right here, Mark is borrowing
money from Sarah.
So the person who is receiving
the object, we say
he is receiving, he's borrowing
the object from the person
from somebody, so when we
want to use the verb borrow, we say borrow
something from somebody.
The word "from" is important, ok,
and for the verb borrow, that is the
only way that we can use the verb. There is no second way
of using the word. That is the only way that we use it.
So this is wrong.
We cannot say Mark... Mark
cannot say.... cannot ask the other person
to say... he cannot say "Can you borrow me
5 euros?" because Sarah
isn't the person borrowing she is the person who is
lending the money to Mark.
Mark could say... What would be correct is
if Mark said "Can I borrow 5 euros?"
That would be correct. So Mark should say here
either: "Can you lend me five euros?"
OR "Can I
borrow five euros?" or he could say
"Can I borrow 5 euros from you?"
if he wants to specify the person
that he's borrowing the money from. So he
should either say "Can I borrow 5 euros?" or "Can I borrow five euros
from you?" But he cannot say "Can you borrow me five euros?"
This is a very common mistake
even by English people. A lot of
English-speaking people make this mistake
and that is why we are doing this lesson - to show you the difference between
borrow and lend. So borrow
is the person receiving the object and
lend is the person giving the object.
The past tense:
So how do we say borrow
and lend in the past tense? Well
borrow is very easy - its a regular
verb so we just add -ed
to the end of the verb. So borrow
becomes borrowed. so we would say
I borrowed, you borrowed,
he borrowed, we borrowed,
you (plural) borrowed, they borrowed.
So this is just standard regular verb.
But the word
lend is irregular, so lend
in the past tense becomes lent
with a letter "t" at the end. So
I lent, you lent, he lent,
we lent, you (plural) lent,
and they lent. Ok
so that is the end of the
lesson and we are now going
to do some exercises okay, so I am now going to test your understanding
of the difference between lend
and borrow. So
exercises... so
we have a photograph, okay,
so this is David on the left hand side,
and he is giving
a pen to Jane
Jane needs a pen, Jane is receiving a pen
from David and the exercise
is to....
using the words that we have just learned
is describe what is happening, so first of all give me a sentence
of this situation....
first of all, using the word borrow
and then using the word lend.
Okay so I'll give you a few seconds
if you need a bit more time than you can pause the video...
and I'll give you 10 seconds, you have 10 seconds to find
erm... to find the answer - So if you need longer than 10 seconds just pause the video.
Ok so are you ready? The answers are... so
using the word borrow so question 1 we would say
"Jane is borrowing a pen from David" So
we borrow something from
somebody. Jane is borrowing a pen
from David. And question two
using the word lend... well
we have two choices - there are two ways of
using the word lend. We can either say
"David is lending a pen
to Jane" so lending
something to somebody
OR "David is lending
Jane a pen". So David is lending
somebody
something. Ok, so
that's the answer. Next question, next exercise
So it's the same exercise.
So again describe what is happening
using the word borrow and using the word lend.
So you have 10 seconds.
Ok are you ready? So the answers are.. first of all, borrow,
so David
is borrowing a mobile phone from Jane.
So David, because we can see from the from from the arrow,
we can see now that David is the person
receiving the mobile phone, so we say David
is borrowing a mobile phone from Jane. And for lending...
Jane is lending a mobile phone
to David OR
Jane is lending David a mobile phone.
so
in this in England we use we say
mobile phone in in England or in Great Britain
or in Europe most European countries will say
mobile phone. In American English
you will often hear "cell phone", "cell phone". Cell
which is spelt C, E, double L. So if you hear
the word cell phone, that is American English
for this, for a mobile phone. So a similar exercise...
slightly different this time
because I want you to tell me what happened
yesterday. So in the past tense I want you to tell me,
to describe this situation,
something that happened yesterday and again - using the word
borrow and then using the word lend
so 10 seconds.
Okay so using the word borrow, David
... (excuse me) David
borrowed a book from Jane so
past tense, so
we add -ed to the end of borrow
and the rest of the sentence has the same structure -
borrowed something from somebody.
And
for the verb lend, Jane lent
a book to David, or
Jane lent David a book. And
lend as we saw earlier is an irregular verb.
The past tense, the past participle is
L E N T. So we don't say
"lended". You must not say lended. Lended is
is wrong. we say lent (L E N T)
And the last question...
the last exercise is ....
I'm going to give you three sentences,
and only one of them
is correct. I want you to tell me which of the three sentences
is correct. So
which of these three sentences
is right and which 2 are wrong?
So you have the choice between "Jane is borrowing
a pen to David" or "David
is borrowing a pen to Jane" or
"David is lending Jane a pen" so
I'll give you fifteen seconds,
this this is slightly longer so I'll give you 15 seconds
or you can just pause the video if you need longer than that.
Okay so I'm going to give you the answers now...
so it is
the last sentence which is correct so
David is lending Jane a
pen, so lending somebody
something. Let's look at why the first one is wrong.
well the first one is wrong because well
it is correct Jane Jane is borrowing a pen
but we should say
borrowing a pen from David so
if this word was "from", then it would be correct.
But we do not say "to" if we're borrowing something. We borrow something
from somebody, so that is why this one is wrong.
And the second one: "David is borrowing
a pen to Jane" Well no that is wrong.
David is not borrowing something.
He is lending a pen to Jane.
So David is lending
a pen to Sarah would be correct. Okay,
so that's the end of the lesson thank you very much
for for watching, for listening um
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So thank you very much for watching, Thank-you for listening, this
is Andrew from Crown Academy of English, thanks very much
and I'll see you next time. Bye bye!