The African Grey Parrot. A highly social bird prized for its intelligence.
It's one of the most sought-after species in the bird trade.
But the rate and volume of extraction from wild populations over recent decades is pushing the species towards extinction.
In June of 2012 the African Grey parrot was categorized as vulnerable on the
IUCN Red list on the basis that the extent of the annual harvest for international trade,
in combination with the rate of ongoing habitat loss,
means it is now suspected to be undergoing rapid declines over three generations.
The Grey Parrot's range once stretched across Africa's equatorial region.
Today, it's classified as extremely rare or locally extinct in Several range States:
Guinea and Guinea Bissau,
Togo and Benin, and
Rwanda, Burundi,
Tanzania, and Kenya.
The degree of decline is most evident in Ghana.
--The dramatic population declines we've seen in the gray parrot in Ghana
seems to have occurred over a relatively short period of time probably in the last 20 to 25 years,
It has declined by about 90 to 99 percent.
The case of the African Grey Parrot in Ghana is not a unique one because other survey is done in
neighboring countries like Cote d'ivoire,
Liberia, and Nigeria in other places indicate that the populations have declined
similarly to, to that of Ghana.
-- In States where healthy populations still exist the relentless harvesting of birds continues to serve international demand
through legal and illegal trade.
Across the range, trappers capture wild parrots and transport them to major cities for export.
Each line here indicates a commercial shipment for international buyers and suppliers.
Data collected over the past 40 years
reveals a vast system of trade reaching all over the world.
Since 1975 1.3 million African Grey parrots have been legally exported.
But these records do not account for birds dying during transport.
With estimates of pre-export mortality ranging between 30 and 60 percent and as high as 90 percent,
the actual number of parrots removed from the wild is
significantly higher than that reported through trade.
Conservative mortality estimates bring the total supply of birds for just the legal trade to 2.1 to 2.5 million.
The illicit transport of birds adds further to those numbers.
Even countries like Gabon which has got intact forests the poaching pressure is rising.
What we see is, as other countries have depleted their parrot stocks,
more and more poachers are coming into places like Gabon where our forest is still protected and so over the last
four or five years we've seen a major increase in parrot poaching.
Illegal trade of African Greys is so widespread and so well organized that attempts to address it have failed.
Although many member states adhere to export quotas the criminal network of traders regularly circumvents oversight and
frequently exploits authorized trade to mask illegal shipments.
The illegal trade in African Gray Parrots
involves organized crime. It does not
just start with, you know, local people trapped in from the world,
but, this involves international partners on the other end of the trade.
The system is sometimes taken advantage of by corrupt officials and this involves the use of forged
documentation and so on or sometimes even
exporting wide-caught birds under the pretext of being captive individuals and this is
illegal...
but passes for legal trade.
As of 2016
unsustainable harvesting,
illicit trade,
widespread deforestation, and failure to enforce management plans,
have set the African Grey parrot on the course of another species.
The Carolina Parakeet once numbered in the millions ranging across nearly two-thirds of the United States
but in less than 50 years
unrelenting human interest to remove the species from the wild,
exhausted what had seemed to be a limitless population.
Sadly the big parrot roosts are gradually becoming a thing of the past.
The big flocks of parrots are gradually disappearing, and if we're not careful the African Grey parrot will just gradually
dwindle into history.
If the African Grey Parrot is to remain a living symbol of equatorial Africa and if wild
populations are to thrive, it is imperative that effective regulations be implemented with international support.
Existing data and observations by local authorities
indicate that the species is declining at a rate that outstrips their reproductive capacity to replenish future generations.
Which could ultimately herald an irreversible collapse of wild populations.