JUDY WOODRUFF: As we have long reported, the downturn of the pandemic economy has hit many
Americans hard.
And for a number of millennials born between 1981 and 1996, and Generation Z, who follow
them, that pain, plus a number of other factors, are leading some to ask, who is responsible?
Over the next couple of nights, economics correspondent Paul Solman is going to examine
this generational tension, beginning tonight from the perspective of some millennials.
MAN (singing): Baby boomers, greatest generation, got all the money, now we got the vaccination.
PAUL SOLMAN: On "Saturday Night Live," this season, an OK, boomer, takedown.
MAN (singing): Got a job out of college, no student debt, retirement funded 100 percent.
BRUCE GIBNEY, Author, "A Generation of Sociopaths: How the Baby Boomers Betrayed America": It
just sort of encapsulates the sort of whole sense of unfairness, where it's always the
boomers first and their kids last.
PAUL SOLMAN: Bruce Gibney, author of "A Generation of Sociopaths: How the Baby Boomers Betrayed
America," says vaccinating the elderly first made perfect sense from a public health standpoint.
BRUCE GIBNEY: The challenge is, is that after years of abusive behavior on the part of the
boomers, this might be the straw that breaks the camel's back.
PAUL SOLMAN: Gibney says the pandemic has fueled a growing resentment of baby boomers,
which he marks a bit earlier, those of us born between 1940 and 1965, rather than just
after the war.
It's a resentment among millennials, 1981 to 1996, whose economic prospects have been
supposedly been sacrificed to help greedy, ungrateful boomers, oblivious to the realities
facing the young.
MAN: The millennials and Generation Z have the Peter Pan syndrome. They don't ever want
to grow up.
PAUL SOLMAN: This 2019 TikTok video helped popularize the phrase "OK, boomer," as a retort
to the boomer critique:
MAN: You're going to mature and you're to realize nothing's free, that things aren't
equal, and that your utopian society you have created in your youth is simply not sustainable.
PAUL SOLMAN: How do real-life millennials respond?
SONYA REYES, Millennial: Very offended, because I am a very hard worker.
JOE CAPUTO, Millennial: All we want to do is sit around, watch Netflix or play video
games.
BRIANA NICHOLAS, Millennial: Like, based on everyone I know and even myself, I'm not sure
where that notion comes from.
TRAVIS BARKER, Millennial: The biggest thing is, like, we want their things. Like, we want
their house and we want their bank account.
PAUL SOLMAN: A boomer myself, by Bruce Gibney's broader definition, since I was born in 1944,
I asked four millennials for their take; 37-year-old Travis Barker lives outside of Denver, Colorado,
was laid off during the pandemic.
In Gilroy, California, 29-year-old Sonya Reyes, daughter of Mexican immigrants and mother
of two, put herself through college, only recently saved enough to move out of her parents'
home. Briana Nicholas, 28, an accountant in Philadelphia, has two hundred thousand dollars
in student debt for her degree in historic preservation. And 34-year-old Joe Caputo in
Oklahoma City worked odd jobs for years, all college grads, heading toward middle age,
scraping by.
TRAVIS BARKER: I have a four-year degree. I have -- honorably discharged in the military.
I have worked overseas. I have never been arrested. I never failed a class. And yet
I still feel like I'm behind the eight ball. There's no doubt that you guys had it easier
than we do.
BRIANA NICHOLAS: Like Travis said, no matter what you actually accomplish or feel like
you accomplish, you don't feel like you're actually moving forward in life. It's like
you don't feel like you can actually become a full adult.
SONYA REYES: We had to move from San Jose to Gilroy because San Jose was just too expensive.
PAUL SOLMAN: But you're a two-income family, right? You can't afford even to buy a house
in Gilroy?
SONYA REYES: No, the houses in Gilroy are a bit cheaper than San Jose, but not like
to the point where I by myself and my husband can afford a house.
JOE CAPUTO: Renting is basically all I kind of see for my wife and I for the foreseeable
future, just because we can budget for it.
PAUL SOLMAN: OK, we bought houses when they were way cheaper. But does that make us sociopaths?
BRUCE GIBNEY: The most important thing about sociopaths is that they really -- they don't
have a great sense of obligations to others.
PAUL SOLMAN: For Bruce Gibney, writer, jackpot winner as an early investor in PayPal and
Facebook, the economic anxieties of millennials are the result of decades of sociopathic choices
by boomers who grew up in a booming America.
BRUCE GIBNEY: They had an enormous tailwind, and they really -- they decided to set a direction
that really only benefited themselves.
PAUL SOLMAN: They, you mean me, right? You mean me and my friends?
BRUCE GIBNEY: I do. I do.
NARRATOR: Every stretch of farm and factory to market road earns profits for all the nation.
PAUL SOLMAN: Gibney says we boomers benefited from investments in roads, new schools, education,
paid for with taxes on previous generations.
But when it was the boomers' turn to give, we continued to take, tax cuts, expanded Medicare
and Social Security, an imbalance that led to an explosion of debt. Gibney points out
that, when he was born, in 1976, the national debt was about a third the size of the annual
economy. After decades of boomers at the helm, he says, it's now some 130 percent.
And while millennials are the largest portion of the work force, the Federal Reserve just
reported they have less than 5 percent of the country's wealth. The boomers meanwhile,
had four times that percentage at around the same age.
Do you blame my generation for the difficulty that the millennials, for example, are now
having, high college costs, high student debt, can't afford a house and so forth?
BRUCE GIBNEY: I do, to a large degree. And we see it in the explosion of student debt,
which the government didn't keep records on in the early 1960s, because it wasn't economically
significant.
Today, it's $1.7 trillion. The schools were in excellent shape when the boomers came of
age. They are in appalling shape now, worse in the aggregate even than our roads and bridges.
That is astonishing levels of political neglect.
Nothing has been done with respect ,at a serious level, regarding the environment. And it's
not as if the boomers didn't know that these were going to be problems.
PAUL SOLMAN: Did the millennial panel agree that the policies, that we put in place or
just allowed to happen are what have put you at such a disadvantage?
JOE CAPUTO: That's certainly how it feels to me.
TRAVIS BARKER: After 30, 40 years, you look back on the policies and you see the income
gap ,your purchasing power and the cost of education and housing has gone way up compared
to wages.
And once you look back on that, and you still don't acknowledge your part in that in, that's
when it kind of becomes hard to understand how they justify that.
PAUL SOLMAN: Well, they is me, right?
TRAVIS BARKER: Exactly, yes, you. How do you justify that?
No. Individually, these people, I don't think, are sociopaths, like you referenced that book.
But, on a policy level, absolutely are. It's hard to describe you guys as anything other
than that.
PAUL SOLMAN: Briana Nicholas had a less clinical diagnosis.
BRIANA NICHOLAS: Boomer is kind of like a filler word for status quo. Like, it's not
the generation itself. It's just the fact that, like, the unwillingness to understand
that things have changed, things are changing, and kind of keep it the way it is because
it worked for them, assuming that it'll work for everyone else. And that's just not true.
PAUL SOLMAN: But wait a minute. What about the '60s, when boomers worldwide were coming
of age and pushing back against previous generations for civil rights, feminism, gay rights?
Don't we get credit for that?
BRUCE GIBNEY: No. And if you look at the chronology, you can see that this is just true, desegregation
of schools, Brown vs. Board of Education 1954. Average boomer is 2. Pretty sure they're not
on the Supreme Court.
Civil Rights Act of 1964, average median boomer is 12, again, not a constituency, not in power.
Voting Rights Act of 1965, again, not a constituency, not in power. Median boomer is 13. And so
on down the line.
PAUL SOLMAN: And the legion of boomers who started Earth Day, voted against the tax cuts,
carried the flag for social change?
BRUCE GIBNEY: Yes, I agree that, while boomers are, as individuals, good and bad, just like
any other generation, any other group of people, as a political generation, they have systematically
favored policies that have benefited themselves, at the expense of others.
PAUL SOLMAN: So what now? Any hope for the millennials?
Well, we're going to pass on. And, as I pointed out to the panel, the amount of money that
boomers have made and saved will go to you all, right?
BRIANA NICHOLAS: It's a little morbid to have to wait for your relatives to die to have
some kind of financial success.
SONYA REYES: I should be able, with my career, with my husband's career, be able to save
enough money to have financial security, plus living in an adequate home.
PAUL SOLMAN: And who's to argue that she shouldn't be?
Well, in our next story, we will hear the somewhat surprising response from the boomers
themselves.
WOMAN: I want to apologize, because I don't feel we're leaving a better world for them.
PAUL SOLMAN: For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Paul Solman, born in 1944.