us is a disappointing hell hole lacking practically everything we need to stay
alive it looks like we'll only hey as far as we can tell that's probably not
true I'm sure there's some interesting stuff underground that we haven't yet discovered
um and I think there's plenty there there's there's plenty there to make a nice little home
so let's be more optimistic we ever have small Crews spend a miserable time hidden underground
it's great except we could terraform it into a green new world but to solve the planet's
problems we first need to make it worse and turn it into oceans of lava with gigantic lasers
this isn't a far-fetched science fiction tale terraforming Mars is possible I reckon we could
probably do it without you know creating hell firsthand first because uh that might be a just
a faster route on the kind of time scale our ancestors built great monuments in if Humanity
solves some of its pressing problems and Ventures into space to expand into the solar system this
may not be that far off okay so how do we terraform Mars quickly well it's complicated
together
like everything else is Mars is dry and has oh they've used this thing before I recognize this
one no soil to grow anything its atmosphere is too thin to breathe or protect us from radiation
giving you a high risk of cancer so to turn it into a new home for Humanity we have to give it
a proper atmosphere similar to Earth it should be made of 21 oxygen 79 nitrogen and a tiny bit
of CO2 at an average temperature of 14 degrees Celsius and under one bar of pressure you know
like just to throw it out there we don't actually need to terraform the whole thing we could just
create like a little big pterodome thing right and live in that you know but sure let's let's
terraform the whole planet we have to create oceans and rivers and then the ground has to be
weathered into fertile soul to host living things that's a problem because you know how do we create
fertile solid soil well we still don't know so we're kind of running out of it on planet Earth
don't tell anyone because you know it only takes about 500 years to uh grow about an inch of it
could be a problem just saying then we need to install a biosphere on the surface and prevent it
all from being undone by installing protective measures that can stand the test of time
it is difficult but a big laser makes it a lot easier challenge one a big laser makes
everything better let's be honest atmosphere some 4 billion years ago Mars had a nice oxygen-rich
atmosphere and was home to vast oceans and rivers it held onto it for several hundred million years
before it got blown away ultraviolet rays broke down the atmospheric gases and then the oceans
until they were Swept Away by solar wind today Mars is this is the current way of thinking of
course you know it could have been different of course but there is actual evidence for this stuff
um but yeah just keep that in mind you know a lot of this stuff is actually you know the the
certainty around these things is not that high Rye Baron Wasteland luckily a sizable portion
of the water is Frozen in deep reservoirs and in the polar ice caps enough to create a very shallow
ocean and enormous amounts of oxygen are bound as minerals in the Martian rocks like the oxygen in
the iron oxides that give the planet its rust red color as well as carbon dioxide and carbonates to
free these gases we need to reverse the reactions that lock them away by using thermolysis which
occurs at temperatures as high as on the surface of the Sun in short we want to melt the surface
of Mars the best way to do that would be to put lasers in orbit aiming their beams down on Mars
the most powerful laser today is the Eli NP able to produce beams of 10 petawatts of power for a
trillionth of a second to melt Mars we need a laser twice as powerful that runs continuously
the easiest way is to use a solar pumped laser that can be powered directly with sunlight core
our metal infused glass rods that absorb energy and release it as a laser beam if we build an
array of mirrors in space about 11 times the size of the United States we can focus enough sunlight
onto them to melt Mars let's do it I figured it was going to be something simple like that just
get a bunch of mirrors put it around the outside of the planet Focus the light voila as the lasers
hit the surface about 750 kilograms of oxygen and some carbon dioxide emerge from every cubic meter
of rock melted if we are efficient our lasers only need to melt through the top eight meters
of the surface to get enough oxygen it would look terrifying the skies would be shrouded in storms
while the ground would glow red hot crisscrossed by currents of lava Tyler's laser beam sweep over
the landscape leaving trails too bright to look at after they pass the ground cools quickly a strange
snow falls the ashes from all the elements that solidify as they cool down like Silicon and iron
Mars is still old Planet at this point a happy side effect of this Inferno is that all the water
in the polar ice caps and even deep underground Rises into the sky as hot steam forming clouds
that rain down over the entire planet we think so like this could also go you know in a not so
positive way they would wash out the nastier gases from the atmosphere like chlorine and
carry away harmful elements that accumulated on the surface in the end they would form shallow
oceans saltier than on Earth we might need to do an extra cleanup afterwards it would take about 50
years of continuous lasering to create our oxygen atmosphere we could use this opportunity to dig
deeper in some places to create the basins for salty oceans or rivers and spare some Landmark
features like Olympus Mons and Valles marineris we're not done though the resulting atmosphere is
nearly 100 oxygen and only 0.2 bar we've never done anything like this so imagine we go over
there and do this and then uh it just you know turns out our understanding of planetary physics
you know what's in the ground the atmosphere and it's just all wrong and it just goes to [ __ ]
like that would be terrible you know it's not like we only have a limited number of planets to
play with so we'd have to be fairly sure this is going to work you'd have to go with a an option in
which you we're fairly confident you know things aren't going to go badly you don't want to ruin
one of your few planets you know how to breathe and very flammable to make it similar to Earth
and a lot safer we need to add a lot of nitrogen which Mars is sadly lacking we have to import it
the ideal source is Titan a large moon of Saturn covered in a thick atmosphere that's
almost entirely nitrogen we just have to move 3000 trillion tons from the outer solar system to Mars
well that's not easy it is doable to process that much of Titan's atmosphere we have to construct
giant automated factories on its surface powered by our lasers to suck in the atmosphere and
compress it into a liquid this gets pumped into bullet-shaped tanks which amass driver shoots
all the way to the red planet where they explode and mix with the oxygen we've already been able to
send individual missions to Saturn in just a few years with enough resources it should be possible
to complete the task within two generations of course it would be much more convenient to have
nitrogen left over from terraforming Venus on the site we explained I'm doing that that's my
thing don't touch that because after or Elon where terraforming Venus there's in detail in another
video if you want to learn more about terraforming Venus and you're interested in that well join the
plight all you got to do is download the first VPN that can protect you from quantum computers
I created it come support your boy and if you want to get to Venus one day that's where we're gonna
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your boy by the way if you if you haven't heard the new version is out it looks exactly like
this right now the Mac version is only two days away so come get the latest version of Cal if
you already have it uh the way to do that guys I should have explained before as well for everyone
watching now uninstall your current version and download the new version and install it that's
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this gets pumped into bullet-shaped tanks which are mass driver shoots all the way to
the red planet where they explode and mix with the oxygen we've already been able to send individual
missions to Saturn in just a few years with enough why not just put some put some uh you know nuclear
warheads on the end of those barrels and might be a bit of a bit of a quicker fix resources it
should be possible to complete the task within two generations does he have a video uh with the nuke
option I don't believe he does course it would be much more convenient to have nitrogen left over
from terraforming Venus on the site we explained this in detail in another video so about a century
after the start of the terraforming process we have a breathable atmosphere that has the right
gases if the liberated CO2 isn't enough to warm it up to temperatures we can stand we just adds
some super greenhouse gases if the liberated CO2 isn't enough we have a breathable atmosphere that
has the right gases if the liberated CO2 isn't enough to warm it up to temperatures we can stand
we just adds some super greenhouse gases Mars at this point resembles a black marble for all the
yeah we just add some gases like I mean look how that's turning out for our planet and how well we
can handle it you know so clearly this is a little ways off if you know let's just add some gases and
uh see what happens I don't think we'd have to worry about some kind of runaway effect obviously
because there's no ice well there is ice but not a lot not a whole you know bunch of glaciers the
problem with Earth is if you if you melt too much of that ice and you put too much uh greenhouse
gases in the clouds there could be this runaway Cascade effect and the it turns into like Venus
uh no one's really worried about that right now it doesn't look like that'll play out but it's still
a possibility cooling lava spotted with growing oceans and red patches where the old surface
remains untouched it's still a wasteland no better than a desert on Earth we need to fill it with
life challenge 2 biosphere installing a biosphere on a new planet is very difficult unexpected
interactions between species or sudden diseases can destabilize it to the point of collapse
we would probably Begin by seeding our young oceans with phytoplankton without competition
it would Bloom rapidly filling up the oceans to become the bottom of an aquatic food chain
they can be followed by tiny zooplankton then by fish maybe even sharks and whales things go well
life in the oceans will thrive life draws on Mars for land is harder plants need nutrient-filled
ground to sink their Roots into but most of the surface is the congealed remains of lava and Ash
we could wait for thousands of years for water and wind to grind it down into finer Sands or try to
do it manually but we want to be quick and we have a bit why does that look like a ball sack a Glazer
turning the beam on and off in Rapid succession would cause the ground to quickly heat up and
contract which breaks it into smaller and smaller pieces add a bit of water and you get a sort
of dark mud into this mud we can mix fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria they're able to absorb
nitrogen and convert it into nitrate compounds to feed plants the first plants we want to bring are
native to volcanic islands on Earth since they're perfectly supervised with a laser blasted Martian
landscape eventually the enriched mud becomes the foundation for grasslands and forests in
Mars's lower gravity trees can become very tall very enriched mud the name of my next startup
past their Roots gather the nutrients they need and then dig deeper to turn more rocks into
soil forming a self-sustaining ecosystem at this point we can slowly introduce more plant varieties
insects and animals not mosquitoes though not mosquitoes I love mosquitoes plumbers made it the
new biosphere needs to be maintained to prevent it from falling out of balance If plants grow
probably probably why you need mosquitoes though Dark Side the planet cools down too much if key
species die out we could see populations collapse faster than they could recover
on Earth other species would move in to fill the void but our Martian biosphere is not as
flat not always that's another problem we could be facing in the near future
it takes hundreds if not thousands of years before Mars becomes a stable environment
but eventually the planet will I'm sure look this seems like a little while off so you know
why don't we just genetically engineer some trees to grow to you know adults in like you
know a month have the potential to sustain large human colonies with air water and food
available we can finally call Mars black blue and green Our Hope a giant volcanic island in space
will it last though Challenge three the long-term future there is a problem we haven't addressed
Mars's core does not produce a magnetic field so it doesn't have enough protection from solar
radiation or cosmic rays this becomes dangerous for the long-term health of Martian populations so
as a final step we need an artificial magnetic field it doesn't have to be huge like Earth's
it just needs to deflect the solar wind enough so that it doesn't touch Mars the easiest way is to
construct a magnetic umbrella far ahead of Mars that splashes the solar wind to the sides a big
superconducting ring powered by nuclear facilities this is another reason why it could just be easier
to create Doms like livable giant Doms on Mars um because yeah the fact that you know there's
no magnetosphere is a matter and we don't seem to understand them all that well you know all
you have to do is look at Saturn and Jupiter we have no idea how those they're extremely weird
magnetic fields work uh you know we think we understand Earth but then you know you apply
that sort of physics to those planets and the Sun it's like oh what the [ __ ] going on there
um so you know it could be even more complicated than we than he's currently thinking right now
the the magnetic field is a big problem but just putting a big magnet in space uh yeah like that
thing's gonna move around right you're gonna have to park at a LaGrange point where you know force
is balanced and it actually might not move but I don't know the LaGrange points at Mars and
where they are and that would check out um so this is a massive problem this is all it takes
it would orbit at the Mars Sun L1 Point keeping it constantly in between the Sun ah okay he answered
of three seconds later so there isn't a LaGrange Point L1 that's what he's saying uh close enough
which there always should be but it is Mars which is a lot smaller uh so I was wondering where it
is because I don't know ask and protect the new atmosphere and that's it terraforming Mars what
takes all right then some work if you say so 50 resources and probably a century but it
would be the first time we've lived in a home designed and shaped solely by us and for us
First Step that we can already take down here on Earth is learning more about the physics and
well that's creepy the biology needed for such a project to help you with that we've created
a series of lessons to build your fundamental understanding of these I feel like Tom Cruise
and that in that movie Tropic Thunder very very cool anyway guys that is a curse exactly you don't