zǎo shang hǎo (Good morning)
shàng wǔ hǎo (Good morning)
zhōng wǔ hǎo (Good noon time)
xià wǔ hǎo (Good afternoon)
yòu shì nǐ (You again)
shí diǎn lái le, shí yī diǎn lái le ((You) came at 10 o’clock, 11 o’clock)
shí èr diǎn lái le (and 12 o’clock)
xiàn zài yī diǎn yòu lái le (Now you came again at 1 PM)
duì bù qǐ (I’m sorry)
wǒ hē le tài duō kā fēi (I drank too much coffee)
wǎn shang hǎo (Good evening)
míng tiān jiàn (See you tomorrow)
nǐ hǎo (Hello)
jīn tiān xīng qī wǔ le (It is Friday already)
nǐ zuó tiān zěn me méi yǒu lái (Why didn't you come yesterday?)
zuó tiān… (Yesterday…)
méi guān xì (It is okay)
lái ba (Come)
xiè xie nǐ (Thank you)
bú kè qì (You’re welcome)
míng tiān jiàn (See you tomorrow)
Ready for some new words?
Let’s start with
好 hǎo
“good”
“fine”
很 好 hěn hǎo
“very good”
早 上 zǎo shang
“Morning”
上 午 shàng wǔ
“Later morning”
中 午 zhōng wǔ
“Midday”
下 午 xià wǔ
“Afternoon”
晚 上 wǎn shang
“Evening”
点 diǎn
“o’clock”
七 点 qī diǎn
“7 o’clock”
早 上 八 点 zǎo shang bā diǎn
“8 o’clock in the morning”
下 午 三 点 xià wǔ sān diǎn
“3 o’clock in the afternoon”
晚 上 十 点 wǎn shàng shí diǎn
“10 o’clock in the evening”
喝 hē
“Drink”
喝 水 hē shuǐ
“Drink water”
喝 咖 啡 hē kā fēi
“Drink coffee”
多 duō
“More”
多 喝 duō hē
“Drink more”
多 喝 duō hē
“Drink more”
多 说 汉 语 duō shuō hàn yǔ
“Speak more Chinese”
咖 啡 kā fēi
“Coffee”
我 喜 欢 喝 咖 啡 wǒ xǐ huan hē kā fēi
“I like to drink coffee”
来 lái
“Come”
来 中 国 lái Zhōng guó
“Come to China”
来 喝 咖 啡 lái hē kā fēi
“Come to drink coffee”
现 在 xiàn zài
“Now”
现 在 来 喝 咖 啡 xiàn zài lái hē kā fēi
“Come to drink coffee now”
现 在 七 点 xiàn zài qī diǎn
“It’s 7 o’clock now”
对 不 起 duì bù qǐ
“Sorry”
没 关 系 méi guān xi
“It’s okay, no problem”
对 不 起 duì bù qǐ
没 关 系 méi guān xi
谢 谢 xiè xie
“Thank you”
不 客 气 bù kè qì
“You’re welcome”
谢 谢 xiè xie
不 客 气 bù kè qì
Good morning
Good noon time
Good afternoon
You again
(You) came at 10 o’clock, 11 o’clock
and 12 o’clock
Now you came again at 1 PM
I’m sorry
I drank too much coffee
Good evening
See you tomorrow
Hello
It is Friday already
Why didn't you come yesterday?
Yesterday…
It is okay
Come
Thank you
You’re welcome
See you tomorrow
There are a lot of greeting phrases in this lesson
Let’s not waste time and get started!
你 好 nǐ hǎo
“Hello”
早 上 好 zǎo shang hǎo
“Good morning”
上 午 好 shàng wǔ hǎo
“Good morning”
Did you notice
that there are two ways of saying good morning?
Let me explain to you what the differences are between them.
We use
早 上 好 zǎo shang hǎo
to greet someone from the early morning ’til roughly 9 a.m.
and we use
上 午 好 shàng wǔ hǎo
to greet someone from 9 ’til noon
Then
中 午 好 zhōng wǔ hǎo
is a mid-day greeting
It literally means “good noon time”
下 午 好 xià wǔ hǎo
“Good afternoon”
晚 上 好 wǎn shang hǎo
“Good evening”
明 天 见 míng tiān jiàn
“See you tomorrow”
Now, let’s move on to some grammar.
The first grammar point we are learning today is
了 le
了 (le) has two different usages.
So now, let’s get familiar with this word.
First,
了 (le) can indicate a change in the overall situation.
Sometimes 了 (le) indicates something new is happening right now.
And the formula we use is
Subject + Adjective + 了 (le)
So let’s say,
someone wasn’t angry, but he is angry now.
You can say
（他）（生气）了 tā shēng qì le
“He is now angry."
（我）（累）了 wǒ lèi le
“I’m tired.”
（菜）（冷）了 cài lěng le
“The dish is cold.”
Simple right?
了 (le) can not only indicate a change in the overall situation
but can also express a feeling of something has already been done.
So, we put Subject + Verb Phrase + and 了 (le)
(今天) (是星期三) 了 jīn tiān shì xīng qī sān le
“Today is already Wednesday.”
(你) (吃) 了 吗? nǐ chī le ma?
“Have you eaten?”
（我）（吃）了 wǒ chī le
“I already ate.”
Next, we are going to learn how to use
又 yòu
又 (yòu) is used to express repetition of an action
and here’s the formula
Subject + 又 (yòu) + and a Verb + 了 (le)
（她）又（来）了 tā yòu lái le
“She came again.”
（小猫）又（跑）了 xiǎo māo yòu pǎo le
“Little cat ran away again.”
（他）又（喝咖啡）了 tā yòu hē kā fēi le
“He drank coffee again.”
Next,
没有 méi yǒu
没有 (méi yǒu) negates past action
when it is followed by a verb.
So if you want to say someone didn't do something,
or something didn't happen,
you can use
没 有 méi yǒu
Here’s the formula
Subject + 没有 (méi yǒu) + do something
（他）没有（吃饭） tā méi yǒu chī fàn
“He didn’t eat.”
（你）没有（说谢谢） nǐ méi yǒu shuō xiè xie
“You didn’t say thank you.”
（昨天）没有（下雨） zuó tiān méi yǒu xià yǔ
“It didn’t rain yesterday.”
So far so good?
Next, we are going to learn how to ask
why and how questions.
But before we get into that,
do you still remember
what was the magic word we learned to form a question?
It was the word
吗 ma
And how do we use it?
We put the 吗 (ma) at the end of the statement
to turn it into a question, right?
So for example,
if we want to ask the question
“You didn’t come?”
In Chinese, you start with forming the statement
你 没 有 来 nǐ méi yǒu lái
“You didn’t come.”
Then you put the 吗 (ma) at the end of the statement
and you have
你 没 有 来 吗？ nǐ méi yǒu lái ma
“You didn’t come?”
What if we want to know why the person didn’t come.
How do we ask?
We just simply change the magical interrogation word
from 吗 (ma) to
怎 么 zěn me
“How/Why”
But be aware,
not like 吗 (ma),
we don’t put 怎么 (zěn me)
at the end of the sentence.
Instead, we put it after the subject
and before the Verb phrase.
Let’s look at the formula together
Subject + 怎么 (zěn me) + Verb Phrase
（你）怎么（没有来） nǐ zěn me méi yǒu lái
“Why didn’t you come?”
Here are some more examples
（他）怎么 （会说汉语） tā zěn me huì shuō hàn yǔ
“Why can he speak Chinese?”
怎么（又吃中国菜） zěn me yòu chī Zhōng guó cài
“Why Chinese food again?”
Alrighty,
let’s move on to our final one,
which is an omnipresent Chinese word
吧 ba
We put 吧 (ba) at the end of a sentence to indicate a consultation,
a suggestion, a request or a command.
So we put command/suggestion + and 吧 (ba)
For example,
（吃饭）吧！ chī fàn ba
“Let’s go to eat.”
（喝水）吧！ hē shuǐ ba
“Have some water!”
（来中国）吧！ lái Zhōng guó ba
“Come to China!”
zǎo shang hǎo (Good morning)
shàng wǔ hǎo (Good morning)
zhōng wǔ hǎo (Good noon time)
xià wǔ hǎo (Good afternoon)
yòu shì nǐ (You again)
shí diǎn lái le, shí yī diǎn lái le ((You) came at 10 o’clock, 11 o’clock)
shí èr diǎn lái le (and 12 o’clock)
xiàn zài yī diǎn yòu lái le (Now you came again at 1 PM)
duì bù qǐ (I’m sorry)
wǒ hē le tài duō kā fēi (I drank too much coffee)
wǎn shang hǎo (Good evening)
míng tiān jiàn (See you tomorrow)
nǐ hǎo (Hello)
jīn tiān xīng qī wǔ le (It is Friday already)
nǐ zuó tiān zěn me méi yǒu lái (Why didn't you come yesterday?)
zuó tiān… (Yesterday…)
méi guān xì (It is okay)
lái ba (Come)
xiè xie nǐ (Thank you)
bú kè qì (You’re welcome)
míng tiān jiàn (See you tomorrow)
Now, this is all for our HSK 1 Lesson 2.
If you have any questions, please let us know.
Our team will reply to you as soon as we see the comments.
Thank you for learning HSK with ChinesePod.
I’m Sophie.
See you in the next lesson.
Bye for now!