Hi everyone I am Niharika, and I'm back with a grammar lesson, so today we are gonna look
at the very very common words used in English almost everyday in our conversations is by
and until so we gonna look at the difference ah you know many people get confused and they
kind of think that by and until can be used interchangeably but that's not right there
is a difference and we gonna learn how to use them correctly.
so let's first understand
the word by ah the word by is always followed by a specific time so its gonna be by plus
its always followed by specific time and ah not later than okay now let me explain it to you with some
examples here ah we have to be home by 5 o'clock okay so you have used the word by ah and it
is followed by specific time which is 5 o'clock so we have to be home by 5 o'clock now the
reason because why you've used by is because either you have to be home by 5 o'clock or
earlier than five but not later than five okay if you reach later than five than you
are late so thats exactly the reason why we use the word by followed by a specific time
so either you can reach ah home before five or at 5 o'clock but not later than five okay?
so not later than 5 o'clock so when you have to talk about the specific time or a time
ah before which you have to get somewhere then you end up using the word by ah now let's
understand ah the word until and then we will look at the other examples ah until is used
to talk about a situation that continues okay? or the duration right ah for example lets
wait until it stops raining so you've used the word until the reason because you are
talking about a situation it is raining so you would like to wait until it stops raining
now in modern English ah many people do not use the word until but instead of using the
word until they use the word till okay? ah so for example lets wait till it stops raining
right? next example this milk has to be consumed by 14th of August so again you are using the
word by because you want to consume or you have to it may be the expiry date of the milk
is 14th of August so you either have to drink or consume the milk before 14th of August
or by or on 14th of August is the last day that you can have or consume that milk okay
not later than 14th of August and thats why you use the word by right? another example
here for the word until David will be away until Monday so here you are using the word
until you can also use the word till ah to talk about the duration of his trip so her
he will be away until Monday okay the next one and the last example ah I have to be at
the airport by 8.30 pm so probably you have a flight may be the flight is at 9.30 pm and
the check-in counter ah umm shuts by lets say 8.30 okay so I have to be at the airport
by 8.30 it means you can either get to the airport before 8.30 or max by 8.30 pm but
not later than that 8.30 okay or else you will not be able to take the flight so that
is the reason why we use the word by and lets have a look at another example for using the
word until I stayed in bed until late afternoon on Sunday so here you are talking about the
duration now Sunday yes its a lazy day and you do like to sleep till late so we are talking
about the duration of a sleep that you slept on Sunday okay so thats why we use the word
until you can also use the word till I stayed in bed till late afternoon on Sunday right?
okay these are some examples that would help you to understand the difference between the
words by and until but there is another phrase that we use in English is by the time okay
its a by the time so lets have a look at some examples using the phrase by the time and
how correctly it should be used in English so here are some examples using the phrase
by the time now we use this phrase ah for two different situations one is when something
happens okay so understand this lets look at the examples its too late to go to the
bank now by the time we get there it will be closed so we are using the phrase by the
time we get there it will be closed so here it means something happens so basically it
talks about the time frame between the time that we go to the bank okay? until we get
there so the time frame between now till the time we get to the bank okay to talk about
that time frame we are using the phrase by the time so its too late to go to the bank
now by the time we get there it will be closed okay? ah another example our holiday ends
tomorrow so by the time you get the postcard i'll be back home so again you are using the
phrase by the time to talk about the time frame that yes i will arrive tomorrow okay
so it means that my holiday ends so i'll be back home by tomorrow so the time frame between
tomorrow okay to the time frame ah about talking about the postcard that you will receive is
the reason why using the phrase by the time okay? so you got is so when something happens
okay that is when you use the phrase by the time okay talking about the time frame and
then another situation where you can use ah by the time is when something happened so
it means for the past so when you talk about ah the past okay that is ah when you use the
phrase by the time ah lets look at the example I had a lot of work to do last evening okay
i'm sorry about that i missed writing do i had a lot of work to do last evening I was
very tired by the time I finished it so again we are talking about the time that you spent
doing the work okay? so of course we are talking about a past situation it means that you had
a lot of work to do last evening and you were very tired by the time you finished it so
you are talking about the past so thats exactly the reason you are using the phrase by the
time okay so two things this is a very simple phrase and it can be used everyday basis ah
the first thing to remember is when something happens okay when you are talking about the
time frame ah and when something happened to talk about the past okay so that is when
we use these phrases now take a test so i'll know that you know how much you've understood
the lesson let me know how much did you score and I'll be back with a new lesson till then
you take care..