Let’s say you really need to find reliable information
about the best diet for high blood pressure,
or heart disease, or diabetes.
Where do you go?
Do you go to a website sponsored by Big Pharma
that wants to sell you pills to fix your problem?
Or, do you want to treat the cause?
Welcome to the Nutrition Facts Podcast
with the latest peer- reviewed research
on the best ways to eat healthy and live longer.
The average adult uses nine personal care products a day
and each of these products can have hundreds of chemical ingredients.
And don't get me started on mad cow disease intestines.
Here’s our first story.
The Food and Drug Administration recently
reopened comments about their policy of allowing some
intestines, but not others, into the U.S. food supply.
When the first few cases of mad cow disease started
popping up, the FDA's gut reaction was to ban all guts
from food and personal care products, but in 2005,
USDA and FDA amended their draft rule to "permit the use of the
entire small intestine for human food"
if the last 80 uncoiled inches going to the colon was removed.
Since then, though, studies have shown that infectious
mad cow prions can be found throughout all parts of the
intestine, from the stomach down to the cow's colon,
raising the question of whether all entrails should
again be removed.
The North American Meat Association says, NO, wanting
to keep all cattle insides inside the food supply,
similar to what we heard from the CTFA,
the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association.
They protested that by banning from cosmetics
downer and dead cattle, as well as brain,
skull, eyes, and spinal cords, as well as intestines, and tonsils,
our nation's supply of cosmetics could be put in jeopardy.
There could be a tallow shortage for soap, for example.
The FDA may not realize that cosmetics and personal care products
are a quarter trillion dollar industry worldwide.
In the end, the FDA tentatively concluded that
intestines should continue to be allowed in the food and
cosmetic supply, because only trace amounts of infectivity
have been found throughout the bowels of cattle,
a conclusion they have to make since otherwise,
all meat would have to banned as well,
because new research shows that mad cow infectivity
is in the muscles too.
And, not just the atypical cases of BSE
like the last mad cow found in California,
but now we know the typical BSE as well,
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - mad cow disease.
Low levels of infectious prions found in the ribs, shoulders,
tenderloins, sirloin tips, and round cuts of meat.
The latest estimates out of Britain suggest 15,000 people
are currently incubating the human form of mad cow disease,
contracted through the consumption of infected meat.
Fewer than 200 Brits have died so far of variant
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, but the incubation period for this
invariably fatal neurodegenerative disease,
can be decades,
the time between eating the meat and one's brain filling up with holes.
The fact that so many people are carrying it has important
implications for the safety of blood transfusions-
that's why many Americans who've lived in England
are barred by the Red Cross from donating blood,
as well as the safety of handling surgical instruments
that may have cut into someone who's a carrier,
since it's so hard to sterilize anything once contaminated.
Given these factors, it may be prudent to err on the side of
caution when regulating which intestines are allowed
on and in our mouths. But it's a balance.
As one meat company points out, guts are not just used
for lipstick, intestines is human food, "providing us with
a precious source of protein which is evidently essential
for our human population."
In our next story, dozens of lipsticks and lip glosses
are put to the test for lead contamination.
Over the past years, the use of cosmetic products
has evidently increased at an alarming rate
due to unending pursuit for individual beautification.
Nothing necessarily wrong with that unless cosmetic products
contained ingredients that may be linked to disease.
Ingredients, such as toxic heavy metals like lead.
Lead has been found in a wide range of cosmetic products,
from eye shadow to skin cream, foundation, blush.
I talked about henna before… but looking at the data,
an important warning can be recognized—
the presence of lead in lipsticks—
because you end up inadvertently
actually swallowing a little bit of it.
It has been estimated that a woman may end up ingesting three pounds
of lipstick over her lifetime.
Moreover, lipsticks can be used by pregnant women
or women of child bearing age.
Uh, duh.
Yes, lead is highly toxic, but how much lead
can there be in lipstick?
Surely, it’s a very minor source.
Nonetheless, one should not exclude the fact
that lead accumulates in the body over time,
and so repetitive lead- containing lipstick application
might lead to significant exposure.
But, you don’t really know…
until you put it to the test.
Thirty-two lipsticks and lip glosses tested,
and lead was detected in three-fourths of the products
suggesting public health concerns.
But how much lead did they find?
About half exceeded the FDA- recommended maximum level
set for candy. Yeah, but come on.
That limit is set for something kids may eat every day.
Kids are not going to eat tubes of lipstick every day.
Nevertheless, it's generally accepted
that there's no safe level of lead intake;
ideally, we should get contaminant levels down to zero.
And look, as a consumer group pointed out,
a quarter of the lipsticks were lead-free,
so we know it can be done.
So, maybe we should better regulate toxic metals
in cosmetics to protect women’s health in the United States,
as has already been done in Europe.
Fair enough.
The billion-dollar lipstick industry, however, wasn’t happy.
In an article that tried to downplay the risks,
the scientists-for-hire firm that once played villain
in the real-life Erin Brockovich case,
concluded that although lipstick may contain lead,
the concentrations are so low that they would not
be expected to pose any health risks to adults or children.
Children’s blood lead levels are influenced more
by background lead exposures (in the air/dust/water/food)
than by lipstick exposures.
Ok, but just because our environment is so contaminated
doesn’t mean we need to add to the problem.
In fact, because there’s so much lead around anyway,
maybe it’s that much more reason
to cut down on additional exposures,
but they calculate that an adult would need to apply lipstick
over 30 times a day to raise their blood lead level
to even the most stringent limits,
and 695 times a day to get blood levels
up to more concerning levels.
Ah, but this was based on an assumption that lipstick
would only have about one part per million lead,
or at the extreme end maybe two or three.
But by 2016, about ten times more lipsticks were tested,
and they averaged nearly 500 parts per million,
with 10 percent over 1,000, all the way up to 10,000
with more than one out of five exceeding FDA
and even Chinese safety limits on lead in cosmetics.
Lip gloss was worse than lipstick, orange and pink had more lead
than brown, red, or purple, and all the really contaminated
ones were the cheaper ones, under five bucks.
But wait a second, 10,185 milligrams?
That’s 10 grams per kilogram, which means the lipstick was
1 percent pure lead.
That means a single application could expose a grown woman
to perhaps 12 times the tolerable daily intake.
And if she’s interested in having children,
then that poses a particular concern,
as lead accumulates in your bones
and may then be released into the bloodstream during pregnancy,
where it can slip through the placenta or into the breastmilk.
The good news is that the FDA is considering lowering
the maximum allowable lead levels in lipstick from 20 to 10,
something Canada arrived at a decade ago.
But without enforcement, it doesn’t matter.
Moving the legal limit from 20 down to 10
would just mean that instead of 23 percent of lip products
exceeding legal levels 27 percent would be exceeding legal levels.
Finally today, we ask,
is there risk of lead and PPD contamination
of red and black henna?
Over recent decades, we've started to recognize
that some topically applied substances can penetrate into or even through
human skin and end up circulating throughout our bodies.
Take the toxic heavy metal lead, for example.
To see if lead could be absorbed through the skin into the body,
researchers applied lead to someone's left arm,
and then they measured the level of lead in the sweat coming off their right arm
over the next few days, and there was a big spike,
proving, nearly 30 years ago, that lead can be absorbed through the skin
and rapidly distributed throughout the body.
This led public health authorities to recommend parents
avoid using cosmetics, at least on their children, that could be contaminated.
Which cosmetics might those be?
Lead has been found in a wide range of cosmetic products
because it's a natural constituent of many color pigments.
The FDA has set an upper limit for lead at 20 parts per million,
and though only some samples of henna exceeded that—
because henna is used for temporary tattoos—
these quantities of lead can remain on the skin for a long time
and may not be safe.
Because studies show that lead may have no identifiable safe exposure level
with even the lowest levels shown to affect the brains of developing children,
thus the use of henna, especially among children,
may constitute a public health risk.
So increasing awareness of henna's serious toxic implications may help
end or at least reduce the use of such hazardous materials,
especially when children are involved.
Now traditionally, henna was just the dried powdered leaves of some plant.
But more recently, other ingredients have been added to give it a stronger color,
added ingredients such as lead,
one of the most common and egregious additives in henna.
But not as common as PPD, para-phenylene-diamine.
The red paste traditionally used, known as "red henna,"
rarely produces adverse effects.
But to achieve a darker pigment, known as "black henna,"
various additives may be used including animal urine,
but better pee than PPD, a coal tar derivative that can cause
nasty skin reactions such as blistering and scarring.
PPD is added to speed up the process from as long as 12 hours,
down to less than 2 hours.
So while the use of black hennas may be tempting,
it has the potential for both short- and long-term side effects.
How common are these reactions?
The best estimate is about 2.5%,
so 1 in 40 kids that gets a black henna tattoo may have an allergic reaction.
Unfortunately, this practice has become fashionable (thanks a lot, Spice Girls).
There's no such thing as natural black henna,
so perhaps it would best to respect the more traditional practices,
lest a temporary tattoo turns into a permanent scar.
The problem is that PPD can be found in products labeled as red henna too,
so just because it's red doesn't mean it's not risky.
Bad news for the $100 million industry.
Because henna of all colors is so often adulterated,
under FDA guidelines, henna shouldn't be applied to the skin at all.
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To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, or studies mentioned here,
please go to the Nutrition Facts Podcast landing page.
There you’ll find all the detailed information you need –
plus, links to all of the sources we cite to each of these topics.
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