Welcome to part 3 of a series on the first
pic to human heart transplant.
In this video taking a deeper dive into crispr,
which is the gene editing technology,
that made this medical breakthrough,
possible.
As a quick recap xenotransplantation is the transfer of living
cells tissues and organs from one species to another.
In 2021,
a pig's heart was successfully transplanted into a human by
team of surgeons in the United States to learn more
about xenotransplantation.
And this groundbreaking surgery,
please watch Parts one and two of our series.
Now,
let's take a quick look at the history of Christopher
Christopher.
Sequences were first discovered in 1987,
on science,
has found an unusual series of DNA repeats.
And ecoli.
These sequences were also later,
found in other bacteria and even archaea crispr,
stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.
As the name suggests are made up of palindromic repeats.
Which r b.
DNA with the same sequence.
One red forwards or backwards with spacer sequences in between
them.
However,
in the early 2000 science has finally discovered the function
of crispr.
The spacer sequences were found to help provide cells with
protected.
Immunity eventually other components of crispr were uncovered,
including the cosine protein,
and the Tracer or guide,
our name,
which led to the discovery of the crisper cast.
Nine Gene editing,
system is known as one of the greatest discoveries of
the 21st century because it gives scientists the ability to
edit genes,
which has many amazing applications in the field of Medicine.
How does it work to help but understand how Christopher
works?
That's a good analogy from one of the Creator's,
then say you're working on a Word document.
If there's a word you think is spelled incorrectly.
You can use the search function to find and then
replace or delete that word.
Christopher works the same way.
Chris will consist of two parts,
the cast-iron protein and then I darn a in nature
with a virus enters.
The bacterium the cast-iron protein,
cuts out a segment of its DNA and inserted into
the back to use DNA sequence,
which is a group of Base nucleotides,
agcenter in a sequence
in a Cell.
But in crispr,
the role of RNA is to attach to the castle
and protein,
which will then find and detect any DNA sequence that
matches it.
So basically,
it's another viral Gene like the previous one enters.
It'll track it down and destroy it.
So I just use this natural mechanisms to text,
not only viruses.
But also any Target jeans,
this is long as Gene editing.
They do this by designing a guide.
Our needs to match the genie edit.
This God RNA is attached to the Costco in protein
and directs it to the Target Gene sequence using is
molecular scissors cost nine will snap the DNA.
However,
once Nails,
cut the sour,
want to repair it.
Normally,
the broken ends of DNA will be joined together.
But this is to meet ations.
So scientists,
add another template DNA sequence to replace the sequence.
That was his kennel pear.
A defective gene or can act as in Eugene,
this Christopher and Gene editing.
Technology can open the doors to many new treatments and
surgeries such as the recent xenotransplantation.
Now,
look at how crisper cast.
Nine technology was utilized in the pig heart,
transplant.
First day of major problems.
As you know,
transplantation is that the recipient immune system can recognize sugars
as foreign and try to attack it,
to prevent a tan jeans.
In the donors were altered before the transplant.
The reasons that cause human body to reject Pig,
organs were knocked out and an additional six.
Human genes control a mean responses within the human recipient.
These jeans included to anti-inflammatory jeans.
Two genes that help with blood clotting and two genes
that help decrease.
Immune responses.
Finally.
An additional Gene responsible for growth hormone was knocked out
preventing excessive growth of the pig heart.
The use of crisper biotech in transplantations varying you and
this comes with certain possible downside.
Is that may or may not occur like the possibility
of organ rejection.
Even when the immune system is somewhat dialed down by
the treatment,
which can lead to the immune cells of the patient
to start seeing the pig heart as a foreign body
and start talking it.
Another downside could be,
will the pig heart be able to sustain itself in
the human body even after all the crispr modifications.
Additionally,
the increased risk of infection.
And it's spread in the organ receiver who has been
given immunosuppressants or drugs that dialed down once immunity.
Lastly,
since it's a very new treatments,
we can humans.
There's a lot of uncertainty regarding the transplants,
Effectiveness and sustainability.
We would have to wait and watch how these types
of transplants play out in the long run.
But if it does prove to be successful long-term,
it does more importantly,
giving you hope to a long list of people who
are waiting on the organ donation,
list to get a new Lifeline.
If the Christopher biotechnology is actually able to sustain the
transplant,
the names of the days of organ donor shortages might
become a thing of the past.
Now,
look at other current Medical Treatments and projects that are
using crisper cast iron technology has revolutionized.
Some other exciting had ways of crisper and
Medicine include Disabling genes that produce toxic protein in our
body.
This is a very recent breakthrough and has been showing
promising long-term results.
Initially Christopher is now being used for Rapid diagnosis of
genetic diseases by very precisely detecting mutations in our DNA
in under an hour.
In conclusion,
the pink heart xenotransplantation is one of the many major
medical breakthroughs that the crisper by technology is bringing into
the world of medicine,
being able to work at the genetic level and edit.
Tweet in Duluth with Precision has opened up a world
of Endless Possibilities,
were all different types of diseases can be treated and
diagnosed.
Again is new The further research will dictate its position
in the field of medicine in the years to come.
Thank you for watching and I hope you learned a
bit more about crisper cast,
nine Gene editing.