This is a lesson about present perfect in Farsi. Now the first point is how to
form present perfect in Farsi. It is regular in Farsi and it's very easy.
First you need to pay attention to the infinitive form, "گفتن", here.
Then you drop "ن" and form the past participle of the verb that we talked
about. So it will be "گفته", the past participle, and then you need to
conjugate it with personal endings.
ام، ای، است. ایم، اید، اند.
However, the point is
that, as you can see, all the verbal parts end in the short vowel "eh" because
it will be "گفته، کرده، رفته" They need "eh." So always, past participle
ends in a short vowel. Then the writing is important. So when I want to conjugate,
I need to put a an "الف" as the base for this. The short sound "ah", because "گفته ام".
Then I can write the first part.
گفته ام، گفته ای، گفته است.
I have said, you have said, he or she has said.
Then the plural form, we have said.
گفته ایم، گفته اید، گفته اند.
We have said, you have said, you plural, and they have said. So
گفته ام، گفته ای، گفته است. گفته ایم. گفته اید، گفته اند.
The red part is the part that made
this verb, "گفتن", past perfect. So it is the way you form present perfect.
Excuse me, present perfect. So let's look at another example.
For example, they verb "کردن". First you should form the past
participle and then personal endings. Again:
کرده ام، کرده ای، کرده است.
I have done, you have done, he or she has done.
کرده ایم، کرده اید، کرده اند.
We have done, you (plural) have done
and they have done. So it's the way to form a present perfect verb. As you can
see, adding "ه" and then conjugating personal endings. The
way you should write is add an "الف" for the base "ah", or here "ee".
The "است" itself has "الف". Here "اید" and "اد". Now, let's talk about the usages of
present perfect in Farsi.
So the usage of the present perfect in Farsi: it's about an action or
situation that has happened in the past but it has some sort of
relevance to the present time. So if this is the line of time, say here the present
tense, then it's an action that has happened in the past but it has some
sort of relevance to the present time. Because of this, it's called present
perfect. While a simple past verb is the verb that has happened in the past
and finished. So let's look at an example:
من ده سال در این شهر زندگی کرده ام.
So the verb is "زندگی کرده ام". I have lived. So here, it says: I, for
ten years, in this city, I have lived. So, I have lived in this city for ten years.
What it means: it means that ten years ago I started living here and still am
living. So I started something in the past but still I am doing that
action. However, you should know that present perfect in Farsi is not
completely the same as the present perfect in English. Look at this example:
من در ژاپن بوده ام.
In English, this sentence is mainly expressed like: "I was in Japan."
I was in Japan. But in Persian, mainly this is expressed like this:
I have been in Japan...It has been an action in the
past and now you are not in Japan. But the point is that you want to say that
the memories of that trip, or that life there, is still with you. So it has
some sort of relevance to the present time, even though the action is done. But
there is a relation between your presence now and that trip in the
past. Another one، for example:
فردوسی مرد بزرگی بوده است.
In English...Ferdowsi is a Persian poet, he is a character like Homer in Iran. So
Ferdowsi, in English if we want to translate it, Ferdowsi was a
was a great man. Ferdowsi was a great man. While the
sentence is, if you want to literally translate it, Ferdowsi has been a
great man. Why do you say "has been?" Because even though Ferdowsi has
lived in the past, we want to say that still he is a
great person for us. So we are using the present perfect, even though
in English you use just the simple past. Another example: for example,
من در این مدرسه درس خوانده ام.
I have studied in this school.
So the reason that I said that: okay, am I
studying? It has happened in the past and and now I'm not studying there. But
the reason that I use present perfect: I want to say that what I learned there or
my memories from that time is still with me. They are with me still. So
you use the present perfect in Farsi. So as I said present perfect in Farsi is
an action that has happened in the past and it has some sort of relevance with the
present time. The usage is not the same as the present perfect in English.
They are not totally the same. You should pay attention to this and try to
understand it in Farsi. The last point about it is that the adverbs that
are mainly used with present perfect are "تاحالا" and "تاکنون".
They mean "until now."
من تا حالا در کلاس بوده ام
You want to say that I started from the past until present moment, probably a
minute ago, I was in the class. So you say I have been in the class until now. These
two are synonyms and when you see these two in a sentence,
you should be certain that the verb in the sentence is in present perfect.