A lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface
of the Moon. Some rovers have been designed to transport members of a human spaceflight
crew, such as the Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle; others have been partially or fully autonomous
robots, such as Lunokhod 1 and Yutu. As of 2013, three countries have had rovers on the
Moon: the Soviet Union, the United States and China.
Past missions Lunokhod 1
Lunokhod 1 was the first of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the moon by the Soviet Union
as part of its Lunokhod program. The spacecraft which carried Lunokhod 1 was named Luna 17.
Lunokhod was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another celestial body. Lunokhod
1 held the durability record for space rovers for more than 30 years.
Lunokhod 2
Lunokhod 2 was the second of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet
Union as part of the Lunokhod program. The Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon and
deployed the second Soviet lunar rover Lunokhod 2. The objectives of the mission were to collect
images of the lunar surface, examine ambient light levels to determine the feasibility
of astronomical observations from the Moon, perform laser ranging experiments, observe
solar X-rays, measure local magnetic fields, and study the soil mechanics of the lunar
surface material. Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle
The Lunar Roving Vehicle was a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon during
the last three missions of the American Apollo program during 1971 and 1972. The LRV could
carry one or two astronauts, their equipment, and lunar samples.
Yutu
Yutu is a Chinese lunar rover which launched on 1 December 2013 and landed on 14 December
2013 as part of the Chang'e 3 mission. It is China's first lunar rover, part of the
second phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program undertaken by China National Space
Administration. The lunar rover is called Yutu, or Jade Rabbit, a name selected in an
online poll. The rover encountered operational difficulties
after the first 14-day lunar night, and was unable to move after the end of the second
lunar night, yet it is still gathering some useful data.
The Yutu rover might be the world's first true hibernating robot on the moon.
Planned missions Barcelona Moon Team rover
Barcelona Moon Team is a team participating in the Google Lunar X Prize, with a planned
launch date for the mission in June 2015. Astrobotic Technology rover
Astrobotic Technology, a private company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States,
plans to send a rover to the Moon in October 2015, as part of the Google Lunar X Prize.
Chang'e 4 rover
Chinese mission with a planned launch date for 2015.
Chandrayaan-2 rover
The Chandrayaan-2 mission is the first lunar rover mission by India, consisting of a lunar
orbiter and a lunar lander. The rover weighing 50 kg, will have six wheels and will be running
on solar power. It will land near one of the poles and will operate for a year, roving
up to 150 km at a maximum speed of 360 m/h. The proposed launch date of the mission is
2017. SELENE-2 rover
Planned Japanese robotic mission to the Moon will include an orbiter, a lander and a rover.
It is expected to be launched in 2017. Proposed missions
ATHLETE
NASA's plans for future moon missions call for rovers that have a far longer range than
the Apollo rovers. The All-Terrain Hex-Legged Extra-Terrestrial Explorer is a six-legged
robotic lunar rover test-bed under development by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. ATHLETE
is a testbed for systems and is designed for use on the Moon. The system is in development
along with NASA's Johnson and Ames Centers, Stanford University and Boeing. ATHLETE is
designed, for maximum efficiency, to be able to both roll and walk over a wide range of
terrains. Luna-Grunt rover
Luna-Grunt rover is a proposed Russian lunar rover.
Scarab
Scarab is a new generation lunar rover designed to assist astronauts, take rock and mineral
samples, and explore the lunar surface. It is being developed by the Robotics Institute
of Carnegie Mellon University, supported by NASA.
Space Exploration Vehicle
The SEV is a proposed successor to the original Lunar Roving Vehicle from the Apollo missions.
It combines a living module, as it has a pressurized cabin containing a small bathroom and space
for 2 astronauts, and a small truck. See also
Exploration of the Moon Tank on the Moon
References
External links high definition video of Apollo 16 Lunar Rover