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1493 genoa sailor Christopher Columbus
returned to Spain with news of
undiscovered Islands later recognized to
be the new world
five years later Portuguese sailor Vasco
da Gama successfully rounded the Cape of
Good Hope and found a southern route to
India the Age of Exploration had begun
the two rival kingdoms met together and
drew two lines on the globe dividing the
world into two spheres with monopolies
granted to a Portuguese half and the
Spanish half while the Spanish said
about conquering the new world and the
Portuguese established a trade empire in
the Indian and South Atlantic oceans
neither side were aware of the small
piece of the American continent which
lay in Portugal's half of the globe
[Music]
before European discovery South America
was inhabited by numerous Native
Americans who had migrated from the
north either by land or by shallow
coastal sailing we aren't entirely sure
these early migrants lived in harsh
conditions in the most diverse bio
ecosystem in the world these native
groups subsisted mostly on agriculture
but there were some hunter-gatherer
communities as well and before you ask
in the comments yes there were some
cannibals most of these tribes lived on
the coast and were broadly categorized
into two pianned Tupperware
although the diversity did not make too
much of an impression on the Europeans
here to help me out with early brazil is
joe from the channel jabbsi pond Vasco
da Gama's successful returned from
rounding the African continent in 1499
the Portuguese decided to begin trade in
the Indian Ocean pedro álvares cabral
left the following EF at India yet he
blown wildly off course juniors
southward voyage he sighted land on the
22nd of April 1500 and a few days later
landed at port of Segura the name the
locals they met as Indians just like the
inhabitants of the West Indies but
although nearly 95 times its size
Brazil's population was just short of
Portugal's at just under 3 million this
land was east of the tordesillas line
and so was declared for Portugal the
locals traded with the Portuguese for
power Brazil a word with the red dye
used in Europe but the trade post was
seen as largely inferior to the colonies
in Africa and India however when the
French began importing Brazil would
themselves Portugal made a more
concerted effort to settle in the area
and for the second part of this
collaboration visit my channel at jazzy
with the link on screen or in the
description box below
early Brazil was divided into 15
colonies and granted to wealthy
Portuguese elites there any successful
one however was south incensed Island
which made a moderate profit by native
slaves so the failing colonies were
returned to the Portuguese crown in 1549
and a governor was appointed merchants
and missionaries were the first to
settle they built a capital city
Salvador and began trading in the todos
santos bay mostly in the new cash crop
sugar to help promote the economy a
group called Bundy ranch s was sent to
explore the land for minerals and slaves
which increased settlement for the
export economy slaves became more
valuable as natives died from European
diseases in large numbers missionaries
were also very active at this time
mostly Catholic Jesuits who founded the
city of Sao Paulo as a missionary school
just a few kilometers inland for himself
and Cinch another bay port January was
established as a French colony called
fill Canyon Island before the Portuguese
kicked them out and we named it San
Sebastiano hyo-jin yarrow
when Portugal got busy during a
succession crisis in Europe the newly
independent Dutch Republic very briefly
swooped in and took over large parts of
the colony it didn't last long but it
did inspire them to put more resources
into settling Dutch Guiana the Atlantic
slave trade was kicked off by the
Portuguese buying them on the coast of
Africa and importing them to Brazil
where they were sold to plantation
owners more than 40% of all African
slaves were imported to Brazil for
comparison just under 5% were imported
to the United States Brazil grew rapidly
during the 1600s creating new export
markets for native plants as well as new
plantation commodities like tobacco the
system was held together by the Royal
fifth when 20% of all minerals crops and
other products went directly to the
Portuguese crown accelerating the
establishing of public offices like tax
collectors accountants and governors
when gold was discovered in the 1700s
the slavery economy boomed an
exploration of the interior was
accelerated to look for new minerals
they opened up new markets to trade with
the Spanish Empire in the he--oh de la
Plata but when this area became overrun
with pirates and smugglers the Spanish
and the Portuguese met to establish a
shared border control in 1750 brazilian
culture was becoming increasingly more
diverse Europeans Indians and slaves met
to form mixed-race groups called Pardo's
such as the mulatos Cavazos and mestizos
with countless numbers of Creoles and
ethnic identities Brazil was to become
much more important to the Portuguese
crown in the 1800s thanks in large part
to Napoleon when the Iberian Peninsula
was invaded and occupied the royal
family leg did to Rio where they set up
the government during the war after
returning to Lisbon the king's son
Prince Regent all declared Brazil
independent and crowned himself Emperor
a brief independence war ensued where
the Portuguese found themselves battling
not only the Brazilian army but also
thousands of civilian militia sounding
familiar the Empire of Brazil however
failed to enact the changes that the
wealthy landowners and the liberal
elites had overthrown the Portuguese for
in the first place and so the nation was
plagued by socialist insurgencies slave
rebellions and even a republican
movement in the Rio Grande do Sul
supported by the Italian nationalists
Giuseppe Garibaldi they spent thousands
on wars with the newly independent South
American nations as well investment in
Brazil showed no signs of slowing down
coffee which grew extremely well in the
Brazilian climate became the new cash
crop as well as markets in timber in
rabaa eventually the rate of immigration
to Brazil was so high that it obviated
the need for slaves and the practice was
ended in 1888 the Empire came to an end
inspired by the ideals of republicanism
and the Enlightenment and soon a
military coup replaced the adora da
fonseca as the country's first president
the United States of Brazil Jeb's II
whom I collaborated with on this project
covered over on his channel the Vargas
era as well as the military dictatorship
that followed which led brazil into the
21st century so check that out when
you're done here Brazil is not a simple
nation is full of social struggles an
amazing triumph of nationalism a complex
political structure and a nation at the
top of the ladder of the world's most
popular game football your website need
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you can build your website in less than
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check out Jeb Z's video and if you'd
like to watch more check out the
playlist on my channel for all the
episodes until next time