Hi. I'm Rebecca from www.engvid.com, back with another lesson on prepositions. Wow,
those prepositions keep coming around, right? They do, and we do need to practice prepositions
all the time because they're everywhere. Those little words, right? In, on, at, for, from
can drive you a little bit crazy, I know, but at the same time, if you practice it and
get used to them, you'll start to use the right ones at the right time. It can happen,
I promise you, okay? All right. So, today we're going to look at prepositions
in a certain context, and that is adjectives plus prepositions. Don't run away, I'm going
to explain to you exactly what that means. So, first of all, let's just review again.
It's a preposition. A preposition is that short, usually short, connecting word that
shows us the relationship between different words in the sentence. As I said, like in,
on, at, for, from, off, etc. Okay? That's a preposition. But now I said adjective plus
preposition. So, what's an adjective? An adjective is simply a word that tells us more about
the noun, usually. So, now you're asking, "Yeah, but what exactly is a noun, anyway?
Just remind me." Okay. So, I'm going to remind you. So, if the adjective tells us more about
the noun, the noun is basically described as a person, such as Rebecca, a place, such
as room, a thing, such as marker, or an idea, such as learning or motivation, something
we can't see. Okay? That's a noun. And when you learn these adjectives, it's really helpful
if you learn the preposition that goes with them, because otherwise, you're going to make...
It's likely that you might make a mistake, but this way will help you to not forget.
Okay? So, basically, it's like this. Usually, we have an adjective, okay, which is a word
that describes a noun, like interested, disappointed, involved, married, etc. That's followed by
a preposition, like in, on, at, etc., plus a few possibilities. These are the three main
possibilities I put down, just for you to understand in general how these sentences should
flow.
So, it could be followed by just a noun, or a noun we said is what? Person, place, thing,
animal, an idea, right? Or a noun phrase. Noun phrase is when they're a group of words
and in there is a noun, and maybe a few other words that describe that noun, or around that
noun. And it could also be followed by a gerund. Wow, so many grammatical words. Don't worry,
don't run away. I'll explain them, okay? You'll get them. You'll hear these words again and
again, okay, if you're learning English, so it's good to understand them once and for
all.
So, a gerund is just a verb, like swim, but with - usually with an -ing after that, and
that makes it a gerund, okay? Swimming, watching, learning, writing, reading, these are all
gerunds, okay? So, the usual combination is something like this. Now, let's get to the
practice, okay? This is where you start to really get it. So, let's look at this example,
this example sentence. I'm interested in sports, okay? So, here we have the adjective plus
the preposition plus a noun. I'm interested in sports. Here, we have another possibility.
I'm interested in many sports. So, we have here the adjective, the preposition, plus
a noun phrase, as I mentioned, or again, I'm interested in swimming. Now, what do we have?
We have the adjective plus a preposition plus a gerund. Good for you, my goodness. You're
becoming a grammar expert. And why is all that important? Because when you're trying
to learn, it is useful to know these terms, because then you can not only understand overall,
it's good to understand overall and pick up the expressions, but it's also good to be
able to analyze it and understand if you make a mistake, or whenever you're trying to go
forward and learn something more, okay?
So, now let's look at the 12 expressions that I've chosen. So, these are very common expressions,
and also ones where people do make mistakes very often. So, again, I'm going to repeat
this one because this one is probably the one where people make the most mistakes. They
use the wrong preposition. So, make sure you're using the right one. You're always interested
in something or someone, okay? I'm interested in improving my English, for example, right?
So, what did I do there? I followed it with a gerund, okay? So, it's very important that
you say, "I'm interested in improving my English", gerund. Not, "I'm interested in improve my
English", that's a mistake. It would have to be the gerund of that form. Improving my
English, learning more vocabulary, understanding the grammar, okay? Good, very good.
Another one with "in", another adjective. "I'm disappointed in the results", okay? What
does it mean to be disappointed? To feel bad about something, to feel sad. You had a certain
expectation, but something - it didn't happen, and so you're feeling bad about it. I'm disappointed
in the results. But the correct preposition here is "in". And here, "involved in". What
does it mean to be involved in something? To be a part of something, to take part in
something, to participate in something? So, let's say somebody is involved in raising
money for a charity. So, now I used "involved in raising", right, gerund, raising money.
Or "involved in fund raising", which is a noun, okay? So, different ways, but most important,
involved in raising, not involved in raise. So, repeat after me. "Interested in", "disappointed
in", and "involved in". Very good.
Let's go to the next section. "Married to". All of these end with "to". They need to use
the adjective, has to be "to". And many people make a mistake. They sometimes say "married
with" and all kinds of other things. Those are not correct. You're married to someone,
okay? Jack is married to Jill, alright?
"Addicted to", okay? What does it mean to be addicted to something? To not be able to
manage without it, okay? So, for example, some people, unfortunately, can be addicted
to drugs, okay? But again, it has to be "to".
And "related to". When you're related to, you have a connection with someone, or two
subjects could be related to each other, okay? So, you could say "I'm related to John", okay?
He's my brother-in-law. You have a connection. So, repeat after me. "Married to", "addicted
to", "related to". Okay?
Alright. Next, let's look at these three. Now, here, the preposition that we're using
is "for". "Famous for". For example, we could say, "Paris is famous for the Eiffel Tower."
Okay? "Famous for".
"Responsible for". "Mary is responsible for the marketing department." Okay? What does
it mean to be responsible for something? That means you are in charge of that, you are in
control of that, you have to make sure that everything works properly, okay? You are responsible
for something, okay? Good.
And also, very common expression, "I'm sorry for". Sorry, I'm sorry for forgetting your
birthday. Aww, I'm sorry. Alright. Okay? Sorry for. So, let's say these. "Famous for". "Responsible
for". "Sorry for". Good. Very nice.
Let's do the last set. These all end with "of", okay? "Afraid of". Say it after me.
"Afraid of". "Many people are afraid of speaking in public." Okay? So, here we had the gerund,
"speaking", right? Or we could say, "Many people are afraid of public speaking." Okay?
Now we have the noun. "Proud of". I'm proud of you, okay? I'm proud of my achievements.
I'm proud of your achievements. Okay? To be proud of, to feel very good that something
has happened, okay?
And "capable of". What does it mean to be capable of something? To be able to do something,
okay? To have the ability to do something. You, for example, are capable of great things,
alright? And that's what you're going to do here. You're taking the steps, you're motivated,
you're learning, you're moving forward, and you're capable of great things, great results,
great achievements. Congratulations.
So, let's repeat these, okay? Are you ready? "Afraid of", "proud of", "capable of". Good.
Okay? So, I'm not sure if you will remember all of them right away. You might want to
write them down, practice them, use them in your own sentences also, okay? Write about
yourself. What are you interested in? What were you disappointed in? What are you involved
in? Make it personal. Talk about yourself, talk about your family, talk about your colleagues.
As soon as we apply these... All of these kind of terminology, this vocabulary to our
own lives, we create a stronger connection in our brain to help us remember them, okay?
So, there are lots of strategies you can use, but first and foremost, let's do a little
quiz to see how well you remember and what... Which ones you need to review.
Okay, so let's try some of them. Not all of them, some of them. And if you get them right,
that's super. If you don't get them right, that's still fine. It's absolutely great.
It'll tell you what you need to work on, okay? So, one way or the other, we're good.
Alright, number one. "She's married _____ my cousin." So, what do we say? Which preposition
is it? "She's married to my cousin." Okay? "She's married to my cousin." Good.
Number two. "I'm interested _____ joining the course." What should it be? "I'm interested
_____ in. I'm interested in joining the course." Good. Say it aloud, too, you know? "I'm interested
in joining the course." That way, you get used to hearing it also, okay?
Next, number three. "We're proud _____ our children." What should it be? "We're proud
_____", yes, good, "of". "We're proud of our children." And I'm proud of you. Good for
you.
Number four. "He's afraid _____ the dark." What should it be? "He's afraid _____ off
the dark." Okay? "Afraid of", just like "proud of".
Number five. "Who's responsible _____", sorry, let me try that again. "Who's responsible
_____ organizing the conference?" Which preposition do we need there? "Who's responsible _____
for?" "Who's responsible for organizing the conference?" Good.
Number six. "I'm sorry _____ being late." What do we say there? "I'm sorry for being
late." Okay? Very nice.
Number seven. "I'm disappointed _____ this phone." I spend so much money and I really
don't like it. "I'm very disappointed _____", what? "in". Right, I heard you. Good for you.
"I'm disappointed in this phone." Okay?
And the last one, "You're capable _____ much success." What should that be? "You're capable
_____ off." Okay? Very nice. "You're capable of _____ much success." And you are capable
of much success. Just tell yourself up here, and then everything else will fall into place.
Everything else will start happening, but decide up here, "I'm capable of _____ anything.
I'm capable of a lot of success." Okay?
You've just come successfully through this entire lesson, and may you go forward like
that throughout this day. Okay? Alright. So, let's just repeat quickly. "Married to", "interested
in", "proud of", "afraid of", "responsible for", "sorry for", "disappointed in", "capable
of". And of course, these are just eight, we learned 12, so you can also review the
others. So, where can you review the others? Well, you can go to our website at www.engvid.com,
and there you can do a quiz on this and really master these, so you've got them. Okay? Plus,
here we learned 12 different adjective and preposition mistakes. Right? So, I have basically
created an entire online course which helps you to correct mistakes in grammar, vocabulary,
pronunciation, speaking, writing, more than 150 different mistakes in 60 different short
lessons. Okay? Small changes that can make a big difference. So, check that out. I'll
put the link in the lesson description, and you can check it out, see if you're interested.
I think it can help you. We're getting a lot of very positive feedback from a lot of the
students that have signed up. Okay? And of course, if you haven't already, please subscribe
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Thank you so much for watching. You've stuck all the way to the end, and I know that you're
capable of a lot of success. All the best to you. Bye for now.