- [Instructor] We're told that a 0.450 gram
potassium supplement contains 22% potassium by mass.
The potassium is present in the supplement
as potassium chloride, which has a molar mass
of 74.55 grams per mole.
How many grams of potassium chloride are in
the potassium supplement?
So pause this video and see if you can figure that
on your own, and I will give you a hint.
You might need a periodic table,
so I'll give you one right over there.
All right, now let's work through this together.
So they already give us the molar mass
of potassium chloride,
but it'll be useful for us to know
the molar mass of potassium itself.
And we can see it's 39.10.
So for potassium, it is 39.10.
That's its average atomic mass,
but you could also view it as 39.10 grams per mole
of potassium, could write it like that.
And that is, I think, all we will need
the periodic table of elements for.
And so, how do we think about how many grams
of potassium chloride are in the potassium supplement?
Well what I could do is, I could say,
"All right, what's the total mass of my supplement,"
and multiply it by 22% to figure out
what is the mass of potassium I have.
So let me figure that out.
So mass of potassium,
that is going to be my 0.450 grams
times 22%, which is going to be equal to,
I'll get my calculator out,
0.450 times 22%, or .22,
is equal to 0.099.
0.099.
So that's how many grams of potassium I have.
And now I can use that to figure out
how many moles of potassium I have.
And if I know how many moles of potassium I have,
all the potassium is present as potassium chloride.
Because then I'll have the same number of moles
of potassium chloride, and then I could figure out,
well, based on.
And if I know the number of moles of potassium chloride,
well then I know the mass of potassium chloride,
because they give us the molar mass.
So let's do that.
So we have 0.099
grams of potassium.
And I wanna figure out how many moles of potassium I have.
So I'm gonna multiply that times,
one mole of potassium
has a mass of how many grams of potassium?
And we can see it right over there.
It's 39.10 grams per mole.
So 39.10.
One mole is equivalent to 39.10 grams,
if we're dealing with potassium.
So this calculation will tell me moles of potassium.
Now, I have exactly one potassium atom
for every potassium chloride molecule.
And so, whatever this number is,
I'm gonna have the same number of moles
of potassium chloride,
but just to make that clear, I will write this down.
I have one mole
of potassium chloride for every one
mole of potassium.
And you could already see how the units will cancel out.
That will cancel with that.
And so, this calculation is going to tell me
moles of potassium chloride,
but I wanna know the mass of potassium chloride.
So then I will multiply this by the molar mass,
times 74, and I'm gonna do this in another color,
just makes it look nice, 74.55 grams
of potassium chloride
for every mole
of potassium chloride.
And so then, this will cancel with this,
and this will tell me how many grams
of potassium chloride I actually have.
So let's get the calculator out again.
So I have 0.099
divided by 39.10,
times one, times 74.55,
times 74.55, is going to be equal to that.
And then let me think about my significant figures
or my significant digits here.
So let's see, out of all of the information I used,
I have three significant figures here,
I have three here, I have four here,
I have four here.
So I'm multiplying a bunch of things and dividing,
so I have to take the minimum number
of significant figures, which is three.
So I will round to three significant figures,
which is 0.189 grams.
So this is,
let me do this in a new color,
0.189 grams of potassium chloride,
which is exactly what they are asking us.
And we are done.