哈囉大家好 Hello everyone
歡迎光臨臺灣吧 Welcome to Taiwan Bar
今天要跟大家聊聊 Today we're going to talk about
1920年代臺灣的社會運動 the social movements in the 1920s
當時的社會運動 Social movements back then
跟今天有異曲同工之妙 were kind of similar to those nowadays
最酷炫流行最不怕衝撞的 Of course the most active role
當然還是親愛的同學們 has always been students
但臺灣社會運動的發源地 The cradle of Taiwan’s social movements, however
竟然不是臺灣 was not Taiwan
而是在日本帝國の首都 TOKYO But the de facto capital of Japan, Tokyo
大正天皇年間 During the rule under Emperor Taishō
日本國內的社會運動 Social movements in Japan
已經是轟轟烈烈拚死拚活差點沒愛一場而已 Swept through the country
左鄰右舍 公公婆婆 Uncles, aunties, gramps and grannies
都急著上街抗議 everyone was on the street protesting
當時在日本留學的臺灣人 Taiwanese students in Japan
也因此接受了民主思潮的洗禮 were influenced by this kind of democracy
使東京變成臺灣人在海外思想升級的溫床 Making Tokyo the place for Taiwanese people to absorb new ideas
在後藤新平因地制宜的治理之下 Under the rule of Goto Shinpei
臺灣除了被拎著一起現代化以外 Taiwan was not only modernized with Japan
也漸漸放棄了武裝抗日 People also gave up armed protests
今天我們就來聊聊 In today’s episode, let’s talk about
社會運動是如何從日本傳到臺灣的 how social movements blew from Japan to Taiwan
咳咳 開始囉 Ahem, here we go
隨著第一次世界大戰瀟灑走一回 After WWI
民族自決便從山坡上輕輕地滑下來了 National self-determination became the coolest kid on the block
總督府心裡OS So, the Governor-General thought
唉唷 比起民族自決愛獨立 Whoah, before we lose Taiwan
可能會失去整個臺灣 To this self-determination thing
倒不如實行 童話裡都是騙人der 同化主義 We’d better assimilate Taiwanese ASAP
因此將治理臺灣的方式 So, the way they ruled Taiwan
從特別統治改成了內地延長 changed from Special Ruling to Assimilation
但是事情才沒那麼簡單 But the story wasn't as easy as that
不知道哪裡天外飛仙來個林呈祿 Out of nowhere came a Lin Cheng-lu
認為與其同化 Saying that emphasizing Taiwan's unique character
不如強調臺灣的特殊性 would be better than assimilating it
所以整個運動峰迴路轉 So protests started going another direction
變成「臺灣議會設置請願運動」 And out came the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament
蛤？ 那是什麼鬼？ Huh? What's that?
嗯~ 聰明的小朋友 Well, you smarty little pantsies
應該猜到了吧 probably can tell by the name, can't you?
臺灣人希望脫離同化主義 Instead of being assimilated
設置自己的議會 The Taiwanese pled to set up its own parliament
自己臺灣自己管 to rule on their own
耶！自治主義！ Yeah! Self-determination!
這個時候 總督府就非常傻眼 At this point, the Governor-General was speechless
啊給你差別待遇的時候 When we treated you differently
你就想要和日本人平起平坐 you asked to be the same
啊說好好好平起平坐的時候 When we treat you the same
你又更進一步地想要自治了 you want self-determination?
有沒有搞錯 C'mon!
1920年代的臺灣知識分子 Taiwanese intellectuals in the 1920s
永遠走在時代的尖端 were always one step ahead
酷炫流行有個性 潮流帥氣超時尚 Avant garde and totally rad!
哀呀 反正就是想要設自己的議會啦 Anyway, they pled to set up their own council
1921年 In 1921
林獻堂等人 Lin Hsien-tang and the others
開始向日本國會爭取臺灣自治 started to fight for Taiwan’s self-determination
而這個「臺灣議會設置請願運動」 The Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament
前前後後請了14年 went on for 14 years
額...都沒有成功 with...uh... no avail
過程中卻培養了許多臺灣的政治菁英 In the process, however, many political elite were cultivated
更喚醒了臺灣人的自覺意識 and raised the public awareness of the Taiwanese even more
覺得「臺灣是臺灣人的臺灣」 Taiwan belongs to the Taiwanese
回想1920年代的臺灣 Looking back at the 1920s
認為這是繼日治初期的武裝抗日後 That was the time when
文裝尬抗日 Unarmed protests
迸出新滋味 Was a new thing we possessed
全新復刻良品 It's hard to detest
復古味新絕配 Because the outcome was the best
你瞭嗎？ You know?
但比起同一時期的朝鮮 Compared to Korea at that time
臺灣人還是太客氣了 The Taiwanese were much more polite
人家朝鮮不只狂野地 Koreans not only
用武力對抗日本 wildly engaged in armed protects against Japan
還成功地刺殺簽署馬關條約 They also assassinated Ito Hirobumi,
的伊藤博文歐巴 the guy who signed The Treaty of Shimonoseki
真是好潮好帥阿尼阿誰油 That's what I call K-pop pop pop!
除了海外嘰哩呱啦地討論 Besides the heated discussions overseas
到底要不要設置議會 On whether to set up councils or not
號稱臺灣孫中山的蔣渭水醫生 Dr. Chiang Wei-shui
也替臺灣開了個診斷書 also diagnosed Taiwan
認為臺灣是知識營養不良的水母腦 As a culturally malnourished brainless jellyfish…
一個小笨蛋 You dumb dumb!
腦袋空空這麼大個 Having large but empty brains
裝了滿滿的天真與無邪 All they had was kindness and naivety
跟溫良恭儉讓的儒家思想 along with other Confucianism values
要是能長點知識水平與自覺意識 If they could grow a bit more knowledge and self-awareness
就還腦殘有藥醫 They'd still have the chance to not be miserable
因此 蔣渭水先生 Therefore, Dr. Chiang Wei-shui
就成立了臺灣文化協會 Proposed founding the Taiwanese Cultural Association
而林獻堂先生 And Mr. Lin Hsien-tang
這個臺灣社會運動的最大贊助者 the biggest sponsor to Taiwan’s social movements
也挺身而出擔任協會總理 Volunteered as the manager of the association
兩人合作幫臺灣這個小笨蛋長點腦袋 Both of them dedicated themselves to helping Taiwan transform
臺灣文化協會成立以後 After the Taiwanese Cultural Association was founded
發行了報紙 they published newspapers
舉辦各種演講 夏令營 還有戲劇活動 Delivered speeches, organized summer camps and even theater
也指導改善臺灣的陋習 They also helped Taiwanese break bad habits
像是吸食鴉片啦 迷信啦 like opium-smoking and superstitions
其中有個有趣的組織叫做「美臺團」 Among this was an interesting group called “Mei-tai Group”
利用當時最酷炫流行的科技 They used the latest technology
全島巡迴播放教育電影 to play educative movies around the island
就像是日治時期的臺灣吧啦 So kind of like the Taiwan Bar during the Japanese rule
各色各樣的活動中 Out of the various activities
最有影響力的就是文化演講 the most influential were the cultural speeches
一年365天超過300場的演講 More than 300 speeches in 365 days
總點閱率高達20多萬人 gaining more than 200 thousand views
比臺灣吧還多 That’s more than any of our recent videos!
夥伴們加油好嗎！ We gotta step it up!
這也使1920年代後期的社會運動 And that's why social movements in the late 1920s
參與率能這麼高 were so highly-participated
等一等 Hold on!
先迅速澄清一下 Let's clarify something real quick
阿no 話說這個共產黨 Ano... Now when we speak of the communist party
大家以為是中國人民共和國的事情 people seem to think it's a China-thing
但其實日治時期 But back in the Japanese rule
也有屬於臺灣人的阿共 there was also a communist party in Taiwan
1928年 1928
臺灣共產黨創立於中國上海 The Taiwanese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai
並被謝雪紅拎來臺灣 and brought back to Taiwan by Xie Xuehong
臺灣共產黨致力於替無產階級發聲 The TCP was dedicated to speaking out for the proletariat
但這種階級鬥爭的想法 But this class conflict
卻比自治路線還要激進 was even more rad than self-determination
激進思想的滲入 The invasion of radical ideas
也就是漸漸將社會運動 was one of the reasons why social groups
分裂成激進派與溫和派的原因之一 were divided into radical and moderate groups
當初為了臺灣而共同奮鬥的社會團體 Social groups that were supposed to fight together for Taiwan
卻開始互相扯後腿 started holding each other back
即使後來蔣渭水使出了 Even when Chiang Wei-shui reminded the Taiwanese that
同胞須團結 Comrads stick together
嘿! hey!
團結真有力 Together we are strong
嘿! hey!
卻也還是陷入了 Taiwan still couldn’t avoid
人在江湖 身不由己的內鬨地獄 being brought down by this internal strife
除了內鬨以外 Besides that
總督府還要面對 The Governor-General still
各種哩哩摳摳的社會運動 had to deal with all sorts of social movements
雖然沒有開坦克車鎮壓 Even though they didn’t bring out tanks to run over anyone
但還是玩了不少花樣 they still had a few tricks up their sleeves
哇哈哈哈 woo hahahahaha
第一計 Trick No.1
離間計 Turning the Enemy Against Each Other
1922年 In 1922
總督田健治郎找來包含林獻堂在內的幾位社運人士 General Den Kenjiro gathered a few social movement leaders including Lin Hsien-tang
來討論臺灣議會的事情 to discuss establishing a Taiwanese parliament
最後雙方根本沒有達成共識 Although they didn’t reach a consensus at the end
但總督府卻開始放出假消息 The Governor-General started spreading rumors that
說林先生已經拿了錢錢 Lin had taken a bribe
準備停止社會運動 to stop social movements
許多人因此被謠言洗腦 Many people were brainwashed by the rumors
相信林先生是政府的走狗 And believed Lin was a traitor
讓發起這個社會運動的林獻堂先生 Making the biggest sponsor of social movements, Mr. Lin Hsien-tang
空虛寂寞 very sad
覺得冷 and very lonely
第二計 Trick No.2
借刀殺人 Kill with a borrowed sword
總督府請了以辜顯榮為首的御用士紳 The Governor-General asked Koo Hsien-jung
召集了臺灣大大小小有權有勢的人 Along with all the other gentries who were powerful and wealthy
組成了「有力者大會」 and put together a group called “The Powerful”
這些有力者大大抨擊議會設置運動的領袖是別有用心 “The Powerful” accused the leaders of the Petition Movement of having ulterior motives
呼籲沉默的大多數臺人站出來 And urged the silent majority to come forward
而當時的社運份子 Social movement leaders
則創意無限地 on the other hand
組成「無力者大會」 來正面迎擊 Called themselves “The Weak” to fight against "The Powerful"
第三計 Trick No.3
警察杯杯出來喔 Bring out the Po-Po's!
1923年 為了好好進行議會請願活動 In 1923, in order to keep the Petition Movement rolling
蔣渭水等人想要組成 Chiang Wei-shui and his squad wanted to assemble
臺灣議會期成同盟會 A League for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament
但總督府怎樣就是不給組 But Governor-General wouldn’t budge
所以蔣渭水就跑到東京去組 So Chiang went off to Tokyo do it
總督府知道了就氣噗噗 After finding out, the Governor-General was pissed
就呼叫警察杯杯 So it brought out the po-po's island-wide
做了全島性的檢舉 to prosecute citizens
這就是著名的「治警事件」 This is the notorious Armed Police Incident
不過臺灣人的韌性也是出了名的 However, the Taiwanese were known for their tenacity
總督府越搞這些爛招 The more tricks the Governor-General played
民眾越反感 The more repulsive the Taiwanese got
因此治警事件以後 So after the Armed Police Incident
臺灣的民眾就更積極地參與社會運動 The Taiwanese were even more active in social movements
嗯 聽起來跟現況很像呀 Hmm, sounds kinda like the situation today
講完這些臺灣過去的社會運動 After all these stories about Taiwan’s social movements
我們終於稍稍了解 We now know a little bit more
臺灣追求民主的第一階段 about the first stage of Taiwan's democracy
但是 BUT
1920年代的社會運動 Social movements in the 1920s
也充斥著各種問題 Also had a lot of problems
例如 For example
臺灣文化協會口口聲聲說 The objective of the Taiwanese Cultural Association
要促進臺灣文化 was to promote Taiwanese culture
卻同時又排斥某些特有文化 However, it excluded certain cultures at the same time
像是發源於宜蘭的歌仔戲 Like Taiwanese folk opera from Ilan
就被他們視為無聊與低俗的東西 Was seen as low-class and vulgar
而這輝煌的社運年代也沒有持續太久 The prosperous period of social movements did not last long
進入1930年代以後 Rolling into the 30s
在日本軍國主義日漸抬頭下 Under the rise of militarism in Japan
各種民主自由的空氣不再 Voices rooting for democracy disappeared
新文化協會 The New Taiwanese Cultural Association
臺灣農民組合 Formosan Peasant Union
臺灣民眾黨 Taiwan People’s Party
等各種激進組織 and all other radical organizations
都逃不過被禁止與解散的命運 were banned or dismissed
連最溫良恭儉讓的 Even the most moderate one
臺灣地方自治聯盟 the Taiwan Local Government Association
也迫於情勢自行解散 dismissed itself due to the circumstances
究竟這十幾年的努力 So did the efforts over this period of time
是化為一場空 go back to square one
還是真有在臺灣人心中埋下一顆希望的種子呢？ Or, did they plant seeds of hope for Taiwanese after all?
好的 Al-righty
說到這邊 After all that talk
口也有點渴啦 I'm a bit thirsty
喝完這杯清酒 Let me down this Sake
我們下次再見囉~ And we'll see you next time
啵掰！ Bye!