Hello everyone how are you today this is Marc I'm doing great thanks for asking
the girl who was singing is my cousin the girl to whom you spoke told me she
was from India those are the stairs that will take you to the first floor the
reason why he called you is because he missed you my apartment which cost me
a lot will be sold soon in this lesson we're going to take a look at relative
clauses so stay tuned right relative clauses when you have two or more
sentences and you wish to join them and give more information about something
then you use relative clauses we use WHY for reason we use WHEN for time we use
WHERE for location we use WHO/WHOM or even THAT for people and WHICH or THAT
for objects one other WHOSE for possession so there can be defining and
non-defining relative clauses defining relative clauses tells us which subject
we're talking about just like my example the girl who was singing is my cousin so
for example we can give or we can ask ourselves a question so who was singing
the girl so the girl was singing and who is she my cousin so who tells us who the
subject is right in a formal context we can put the preposition before the
relative clauses for example the girl to whom you spoke
told me she was from India but we can even say in informal English the girl
who you spoke to told me she was from India or even the girl that you spoke to
told me she was from India but even the girl you spoke to was from India so you
can see we can have even four versions of the same sentence it depends on what
context you want to use it so if the subject is an object like stairs in this
case we use WHICH or THAT which is more formal than THAT so those are the stairs
which or even that will take you to the first floor so it depends which context
you're saying this sentence to in a formal context then use WHICH informal
they use THAT if you want to give a reason we use why the reason WHY the
reason WHY he called you is because he missed you the reason WHY he called you
is because he missed you so here we have WHY that gives the reason right of the call
in this case so what about non-defining relative clauses well they give extra
information about something and if you remove that clause then the sentence
will still make sense just like my example my apartment comma which caused
me a lot comma will be sold soon now let's take out the clause my apartment
will be sold soon still make sense right yes the commas are extremely important
here so remember my apartment comma relative clause which cost me a lot
comma will be sold soon let's take a look at other examples the house comma whose
family lives in common is very shabby so let's take out whose family lives in the
house is very shabby it still makes sense right
yes another example the country comma where I live in comma makes a lot of
money on tourism let's take out the clause the country makes a lot of money
on tourism still make sense and another one a summer comma when he visited me
comma was the hottest of the decade so if we take out the clause the summer was
the hottest of the decade still makes sense well I have something for you I
have an example here that you need to fill in below this video
Rome is the city and then space we need a relative Clause here the Colosseum can
be visited I want you to answer under my video and tell me if it's non-defining
or defining relative clause so I hope you enjoyed the lesson if you have any
comments any requests you can comment or you can type it under this video if you
haven't subscribed to my channel please do so if you wish to share the lesson
please do so thank you very much for watching and see you next week with a
new lesson take care bye bye