Now I'm going to talk about how to form the aorist tense in Turkish in the negative
remember aorist is tense also known as the
"geniş zaman" or broad tense has a broad range of uses so you may see the aorist negative cropping up in
proverbs, stories, jokes, uesses predictions, statements about
general habits, customs and in many other contexts including polite requests
Let's see how to form the aorist in the negative
For our first example verb we're going to use "bakmak" the Turkish verb meaning "to look"
Just like in the affirmative we're going to start with the verb stem so "bak-"
Optional pronoun, "ben"
"bak-"
now
the formation of the aorist in the negative is
Quite different from the formation of the aorist in the affirmative what we're going to do though is quite simple
We're simply going to take this verb stem
We're going to add the appropriate form of the aorist negative suffix, and then we'll add the personal suffix for the aorist negative
that's appropriate to what we want to say. Let's see how we do it
for the first person singular
We'll start with our
verb stem as always and we will choose
the appropriate aorist negative suffix now
notice that the aorist negative suffix comes in a form, well it comes in two
forms which vary according to the rules of two-way vowel harmony
One of these forms we have not seen before
But for the first person singular and plural we're going to use our familiar -me or -ma
aorist negative suffix according to the rules of two-way vowel harmony, so "ben bakma-
And now we simply add the appropriate personal suffix so
"Ben bakmam": I don't look or I won't look
Moving on to "sen" in the second person we're going to get to use our nifty new
aorist negative suffix
According to the rules of two-way vowel harmony, so we will either choose -mez or -maz
"Sen bak-"
there's our verb stem
"...maz" two-way vowel harmony, "Sen bakmaz," and we still need to add the appropriate personal suffix
Now the personal suffix
for the second person singular as usual is going to follow the rules of four-way vowel harmony, but effectively because
this suffix is harmonizing with the syllable immediately preceding it so harmonizing with
whatever form of the negative suffix we've added
It's always going to be either -sin or sın for the second person singular, so
"Sen bakmazsın": You don't look or you won't look
"o": he, she, or it, "bak-"
again, for the second and for the third person singular and plural so for these four
we are going to use this
new form of our negative suffix so -mez or -maz, vowel harmony, two-way vowel harmony tells us its "bakmaz"
And then we don't have a third person singular personal suffix which we need to add
So this is enough."O bakmaz": He or she or it doesn't look
moving on to the plural
"biz": we
"bak-"
now this is first person so for I or for we we're going to stick with our familiar -me or -ma negative
suffixes so "Biz bakma-"
And now we'll simply add the appropriate form of the first person plural suffix according to the rules of four-way vowel harmony and again
effectively, it's either going to be -yiz or -yız
Notice that the personal suffixes for the aorist in the negative are basically the same as the personal suffixes that
you've encountered in the aorist in the affirmative; the only real difference is that we have this buffer
"y," why do we have that buffer "y"? Well because in the first person
the negative suffix
we're adding is
Always going to be either -me or -ma in the aorist
that means that it's always going to end in a vowel so as we go to attach
"-yiz, -yız, -yuz, or -yüz" we'll want to insert that buffer "y." So very simple
"Biz bakmayız"
"Siz" you plural or you formal, "bak-"
Now we're back to our new form of the negative suffix, "bakmazsınız"
four-way vowel harmony, we choose "sınız."
Finally "onlar": they "bakmaz"
They don't look or they won't look
we also have the option
although we do not have to of
adding the plural suffix according to the rules of two-way vowel harmony
So, -ler or in this case -lar
"onlar bakmaz..."
optional
"lar"
They don't look, they won't look
Let's look at an example with another verb. Now
Nothing is going to change in terms of how we form the aorist negative even if the verb stem
we're using ends in a vowel, so it'll be just exactly the same way of forming it, so
the verb "dinlemek" in Turkish means to listen
we want just the stem so we drop the infinitive ending "dinle-"
and now we'll simply choose the
appropriate aorist negative suffix. This is first person, "ben dinleme-" and
now the personal suffix, "ben dinlemem": I don't listen or I won't listen
"Sen dinlemez..."
"sen dinlemezsin"
"Sen dinlemezsin": You don't listen or you won't listen oh
"O dinlemez"
And we don't have a personal suffix we need to add bees
"Biz dinleme-"
first person so we're using the -me/-ma so "dinleme"
buffer "y," "-yiz"
"Dinlemeyiz": We don't listen or we won't listen
"siz dinlemezsiniz"
"Siz dinlemezsiniz": you don't listen or you won't listen
finally "Onlar dinlemez"
we can stop there, that's correct, "onlar dinlemez": they don't listen or "onlar dinlemez" optional "ler"
We can add the plural suffix according to the rules of two-way vowel harmony if we are so inclined
I just want before, we finish this video to draw your attention to which
forms of the aorist in the negative receive this new
-mez/-maz
negative suffix
so any form in the second or the third person, so
"sen bakmazsın"
"o bakmaz"
"siz bakmazsınız"
"onlar bakmaz" or "onlar bakmazlar"
"Sen dinlemezsin"
"O dinlemez"
"siz dinlemezsiniz" and
"onlar dinlemezler" or "dinlemez"